Tìm GTNN của Q=x2+\(\dfrac{8}{x}\) , x>0
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1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(Q=\dfrac{x+4\sqrt{x}+20}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+4\sqrt{x}+4+16}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2+16}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+\dfrac{16}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right).\dfrac{16}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}}\)
\(=2\sqrt{4}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow Q_{min}=4\) khi \(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)=\dfrac{16}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2=16\)
mà \(\sqrt{x}+2>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+2=4\Rightarrow x=4\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(y=x+\dfrac{1}{x}-5\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x}}-5=-3\)
\(y_{min}=-3\) khi \(x=1\)
\(y=4x^2+\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{1}{2x}-4\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{4x^2}{2x.2x}}-4=-1\)
\(y_{min}=-1\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(y=x+\dfrac{4}{x}\Rightarrow y'=1-\dfrac{4}{x^2}=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
\(y\left(-2\right)=-4\Rightarrow\max\limits_{x>0}y=-4\) khi \(x=-2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\dfrac{x\left(y+2\right)}{16}\ge\dfrac{x^2}{4}\) ; \(\dfrac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{y\left(x+2\right)}{16}\ge\dfrac{y^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q+\dfrac{2xy+2x+2y}{16}\ge\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{\left(x+y-4\right)^2+7\left(x+y\right)-16}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\dfrac{7\left(x+y\right)-16}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{14\sqrt{xy}-16}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
\(Q_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) x² - 2 = 0
x² = 2
x = -√2 (loại) hoặc x = √2 (loại)
Vậy không tìm được x Q thỏa mãn đề bài
b) x² + 7/4 = 23/4
x² = 23/4 - 7/4
x² = 4
x = 2 (nhận) hoặc x = -2 (nhận)
Vậy x = -2; x = 2
c) (x - 1)² = 0
x - 1 = 0
x = 1 (nhận)
Vậy x = 1
\(Q=x^2+\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{16x^2}{x^2}}=3\sqrt[3]{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\sqrt[3]{4}\)