Bài 4.Nung hoàn toàn 49g Kaliclorat
a. Lập PTHH . TÍnh thể tích khí oxi sinh ra ( đktc)
b. Lượng khí oxi sinh ra đủ đót cháy 14,88g đơn chất R . Xác định đơn chất
c. Nếu dùng lượng oxi sinh ra đủ đót cháy 3,2g hỗn hợp(X) gồm hai khí C0, H2 . Tính % thể tích mỗi khí trong (X)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{14,7}{122,5}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,12---------------->0,18
=> VO2 = 0,18.22,4 = 4,032 (l)
b)
PTHH: 4R + nO2 --to--> 2R2On
\(\dfrac{0,72}{n}\)<--0,18
=> \(M_R=\dfrac{14,4}{\dfrac{0,72}{n}}=20n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Chọn n = 2 => MR= 40 (g/mol)
=> R là Ca
c)
Gọi số mol CH4, H2 là a, b (mol)
PTHH: CH4 + 2O2 --to--> CO2 + 2H2O
a--->2a
2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
b-->0,5b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+0,5b=0,18\\16a+2b=1,12\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,05 (mol); b = 0,16 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,05+0,16}.100\%=23,81\%\\\%V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{0,05+0,16}.100\%=76,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) CH4 + 2O2 --to--> CO2 + 2H2O
b) \(V_{O_2}=\dfrac{56}{5}=11,2\left(l\right)\)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH4 + 2O2 --to--> CO2 + 2H2O
_____0,25<--0,5-------->0,25
=> VCH4 = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6 (l)
c)
mCO2 = 0,25.44 = 11 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: \(Cu_2S+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO+SO_2\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Cu_2S}=\dfrac{100}{160}=0,625\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(lýthuyết\right)}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(thực\right)}=\dfrac{1,25\cdot22,4}{96\%}\approx29,17\left(l\right)\)
b) Sửa đề: "Tính khối lượng KMnO4 để hấp thụ hết SO2"
PTHH: \(5SO_2+2KMnO_4+2H_2O\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2MnSO_4+2H_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2\left(thực\right)}=n_{Cu_2S}\cdot96\%=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=0,24\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,24\cdot158=37,92\left(g\right)\)
c) PTHH: \(SO_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\xrightarrow[V_2O_5]{t^o}SO_3\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot22,4}{21\%}=32\left(l\right)\)
d) Bảo toàn nguyên tố Lưu huỳnh: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(lýthuyết\right)}=n_{SO_2\left(thực\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(thực\right)}=0,3\cdot85\%=0,255\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,255\cdot98}{10\%}=249,9\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}.22,4=\dfrac{224}{75}\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{C_2H_6O\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: H = 90%
\(\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_6O\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{15}}{90\%}=\dfrac{2}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_6O}=\dfrac{2}{27}.46=\dfrac{92}{27}\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(1) n_{KMnO_4}= \dfrac{31,6}{158} = 0,2(mol)\\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4} = 0,1(mol)\\ V_{O_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\\ 2) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O\\ V_{CH_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}V_{O_2} = 1,12(lít)\\ 3)n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)\\ \text{Nhiệt lượng tỏa ra = } = 0,05.880 = 44(KJ)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
(mol)..........0,1................0,05..........0,05......0,05
\(V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1.68}{56}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
(mol).......0,03....0,02.......0,1
\(PTHH:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
(mol)..........0,04..............0,02............0,02....0,02
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,04.158=6,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{KMnO_4\left(thựctế\right)}=6,32:95\%\approx6,65\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) PTHH: \(2CO+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2\) (1)
\(4H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,1mol\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO}=0,1\cdot28=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CO}=\dfrac{2,8}{2,8+0,4}\cdot100\%=87,5\%\\\%m_{H_2}=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=0,6mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,6\cdot158=94,8\left(g\right)\)
2KClO3-to->2KCl+3O2
0,4-----------------------0,6 mol
nKClO3=49\122,5=0,4 mol=>
VO2=0,6.22,4=13,44l