9. Mai is sick because she didn't follow the doctor's orders.
—>If
10. He is tired this morning because he didn't go to bed early last night.
—>lf
11. They don't behave themselves so their parenfs are not happy about that.
—>If
12. She didn't say sorry so he was angtry.
-->If
13. I am not a rich businessman and I can't afford to buy an expensive Car.
—> If
14.It rained last night so I didn't go to the barbecue.
.—> If
15. My parents do not allow me to go, so If have to stay at home.
— lf
16. She doesn't pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
—>lf
17. The weather was very nice so we didn't go camping.
—> If
18. The computer broke down and I had fo stop my work
—> If
19. She loves him so she forgives hìm easily.
--> If
20. He was angry so I didn;t say anything.
--> If
EX 3: Conditional Sentence Type I OR type II:
1/My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
—If
2/I'll buy a new hat. I'll give it to you.
—If
3/ You”ll ask the teacher. He'll explain the lesson to you.
—>If
4, I don't have enough money. I can'n go on a long holiday this year.
--> If
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6. although i had money, i didn't buy the car
=>in spite of having money, i didn't buy the car.
7. because maria was sick,she didn't go to school
=>because of being sick, she didn't go to school.
8.the food was bad, that is why she got sick
=>because of the bad food, she got sick.
9. that student speaks fluently although his vocabulary is limited
=>in spite of being limited vocabulary, that student speaks fluently.
10. jane attended the class though she didn't feel alert
=>despite not feeling alert, Jane attended the class.
11.because the sea was rough,the ferry could not sail
=> because of the rough sea, the ferry could not sail.
12.she could not get a better job because she had a poor education
=>because of having a poor education, she could not get a better job.
13. because of his sickness, he could not come
=> because he was sick, he could not come
14. i won't have enough time to finish this job
=>he said he wouldn't have enough time to finish that job.
15. it is time to go to bed,children
=>she told children it was time to go to bed.
16. A dishwasher/use/great/deal/electricity
=> A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity.
17. The problem/difficult /me/solve
=> The problem is difficult for me to solve.
6. although i had money, i didn't buy the car
=>in spite of having money, i didn't buy the car.
7. because maria was sick,she didn't go to school
=>because of being sick, she didn't go to school.
8.the food was bad, that is why she got sick
=>because of the bad food, she got sick.
9. that student speaks fluently although his vocabulary is limited
=>in spite of being limited vocabulary, that student speaks fluently.
10. jane attended the class though she didn't feel alert
=>despite not feeling alert, Jane attended the class.
11.because the sea was rough,the ferry could not sail
=> because of the rough sea, the ferry could not sail.
12.she could not get a better job because she had a poor education
=>because of having a poor education, she could not get a better job.
13. because of his sickness, he could not come
=> because he was sick, he could not come
14. i won't have enough time to finish this job
=>he said he wouldn't have enough time to finish that job.
15. it is time to go to bed,children
=>she told children it was time to go to bed.
16. A dishwasher/use/great/deal/electricity
=> A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity.
17. The problem/difficult /me/solve
=> The problem is difficult for me to solve.
1. Mai is sick because she didn‟t follow the doctor‟s order.
If Mai .............If Mai had followed the doctor's order, she wouldn't be sick........................................................................................................................
2. I am not a rich businessman, so I can‟t afford to buy an expensive car.
If .....I were a rich businessman, I could afford to buy an expensive car.........................................................................................................................................
3. The weather is too cold, so we can‟t go swimming.
If ....the weather weren't cold, we could go swimming.........................................................................................................................................
4. Why don‟t you apply for the job?
If I .....were you, I would apply for the job......................................................................................................................................
5. I advise you to pay a visit to Nha Rong Harbor.
If I .......were you, I would pay a visit to Nha Rong Harbor....................................................................................................................................
6. Today isn‟t Sunday, so the students don‟t go swimming.
If ..Today were Sunday, the students would go swimming...........................................................................................................................................
7. They do not understand you because you speak too fast.
If ........you didn't speak too fast, they would understand you.....................................................................................................................................
8. I haven‟t got a pen, so I can‟t write down the address.
If ...I had got a pen, I could have written down the address.........................................................................................................................................
9. I am not rich so I can‟t buy this house.
If ......I were rich, I could buy this house.......................................................................................................................................
10. People don‟t trust him because he tell lies.
If ....he didn't tell lies, people would trust him........................................................................................................................................
11 he airport was closed, so Sarah wasn‟t able to fly to Rome
If .......the airport hadn't been closed, Sarah would have been able to fly to Rome......................................................................................................................................
12. Carol didn‟t answer the phone because she was studying
If ....Carol hadn't been studying, she would have answered the phone.........................................................................................................................................
13. The boy was sick because he ate a lot of cakes
If.....the boy hadn't eaten a lot of cakes, he wouldn't have been sick.........................................................................................................................................
14. David has so many accidents because he was so clumsy
If...David hadn't been so clumsy, he wouldn't have so many accident...........................................................................................................................................
15. Ba comes to class late because he stayed up late last night
If....Ba hadn't stayed up late last night, he wouldn't come to class..........................................................................................................................................
16. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped suddenly
If ........The driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident wouldn't have happen.....................................................................................................................................
17. Mary told me, “My house is being built this week.”
Mary told me ......her house was being built that week...................................................................................................................
18. “I can‟t explain this rule to you”, Miss While said to me.
Miss While told me.........she couldn't explain that rule to me.......................................................................................................
19. “I will repaint my house for Tet”, my friend said to me.
My friend said to me that his house ......will be repainted for Tet by him.................................................................................
20. Ba said, “I am going to meet your sister in front of the station, Liz.”
Ba told ........Liz that he was going to meet his sister in front of the station ...........................................................................................................................
21. “I am very busy. I will ring you tomorrow.” Susan said to me.
Susan told me that ............she was very busy and she would bring me the day after.....................................................................................................
22. “I will phone the office from the airport tomorrow, Maryam.” Hoa said.
Hoa told Maryam...that she would phone the office from the airport the day after................................................................................................................
23. Peter said “My parents are very proud of my good marks.”
Peter said that........his parents were very proud of his good marks.................................................................................................................
24. Mary said “I want to buy a newspaper for my father today.”
Mary said that .......she wanted to buy a newspaper for her father that day.................................................................................................................
25. Ben said “I am waiting for my parents now.”
Ben said that .............he was waiting for his parent then.............................................................................................................
26. Mrs. Pike said to me : “I need you to help me with this machine today.”
Mrs. Pike told me...............she needed me to help her with that machine that day....................................................................................................
Change clauses of reas on to phrases: 1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick. ..Because of Mary's sickness , she didn't go to school yesterday ...
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired. ..She went to bed early because of feeling tired ...
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold ...Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of having a bad cold ..
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically. ..John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodically work..
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick. ..Margaret stayed home because of her mother 's sickness....
6. I like him because his father is kind to me. .... I like him because of his father 's kindness.
7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green. ...I can't eat these fruits because of being green..
8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult. .I couldn’t do the test because of its dificulty...
9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark. .. I couldn’t read the letter because of the darkness.
10. He came late because it rained heavily .... He came late because of the heavy rain...
Change clauses of reas on to phrases:
1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.
=> Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness
2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
=> She went to bed early because of her tiredness
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold
=> Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of her bad cold
4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.
=> John succeeded in his exam because of working hard and methodically.
5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.
=> Margaret stayed home because of her mother’s sickness
6. I like him because his father is kind to me.
=> Because of the kind of his father, I like him.
7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green.
=> Because of green fruits, I can't eat them.
8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
=> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test .
9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.
=> Because of the darkness , I couldn’t read the letter .
10. He came late because it rained heavily
=> Because of the heavy rain, He came late .
1. I couldn't do the test although it wasn't difficult.
=> In spite of the easy test, I couldn't do it.
2. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.
=> In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.
3. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
=> Despite the difficult English grammar, we like to study it.
4. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can't cure lever cancer.
=> Despite being an excellent doctor, he can't cure the lever cancer.
5. Although my friend doesn't have enough money, she wants to buy that new car.
=> Despite not having enough money, my friend wants to buy that new car.
6. Although Mai didn't speak English well, she decided to live in London.
=> In spite of speaking English badly, Mai decided to live in London.
7. Although he is sick, he goes to school.
=> In spite of being sick, he goes to school.
8. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully.
=> Despite being tired, Lan did all her homework carefully.
9. Everybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty.
=> Although she was poor, everyone has a great regard for her.
10. They worked very hard although they were old.
=> In spite of being old, they worked very hard.
11. Peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick.
=> Because of Peter's sickness, he didn't go to school yesterday.
12. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
=> Because of Mary's tiredness, she went to bed early.
13. She didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
=> Because of having a bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.
14. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
=> Because of working hard, John succeeded in his exam.
15. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
=> Because of her mother's sickness, she stayed at home.
16. I like him because his father is kind to me.
=> Because of his father's kindness, I like him.
37. We cannot swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
38. Mr. Minh has been admired since he dedicated all his life to protecting environment.
39. Lan was sick so she didn't go to school
??? 40.A lot of Viet Namese people have the custom to buy sugar cane on New Year's Eve
37. We cannot swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
1. He isn't happy although he is very rich DESPITE
Despite being very rich, he isn't happy
2. Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied INSPITE OF
In spite of getting a good job, he was not satisfied
3. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick BECAUSE OF
Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired BECAUSE OF
Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. I can't sleep because the weather is hot BECAUSE OF
I can't sleep because of the hot weather
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
1. i couldn't do the test because it was difficult
=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn't do it.
2.although he got up early, he was late for the first train
=> In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.
3.although english grammar is difficult, we like to study it
=> In spite of the difficulties in English grammar, we like to study it.
4. although he is an excellent doctor, he can't cure lever cancer
=> Despite being an excellent doctor, he can't cure lever cancer.
5. although my friend doesn't have money , she wans to buy that new car
=> Despite not having money,she wants to buy that new car.
6. although mai didn't speak english well, she decided to live in london
=> In spite of not speaking English well, Mai decided to live in London.
7. although he is sick, he goes to school
=> In spite of being sick, he goes to school.
8. although lan was tired, she did all her homwork carefully
=> Despite being tired, Lan did all her homework carefully.
9. evrybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty
=> Although she is poor, everybody has a great regard for her.
10. they worked very hard although they were old
=> In spite of being old, they worked very hard.
11. peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick
=> Because of his sickness, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.
12. mary went to bed early because she felt tired
=> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.
13.she didn't go to thr circus with betty because she had a bad cold
=> Because of the bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with betty.
14. john succeeded in his exam because he work hard
=> Because of working hard, John succeeded in his exam.
15. she stayed at home because her mother was sick
=> Because of her mother sickness, she stayed at home.
16.i like him because his father is kind to me
=> Because of his father kindness, I like him.
17. i couldn't do the test because it was difficult
=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn;t do it.
18. although he got up early, he was late for the first train
=> In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.
19.although i am hugry, i can't eat now
=> Despite being hungry, I can't eat now
20. despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city
=> Though the streets are narrow, many people drives cars in this city.
21. in spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie
=> Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to movie.
22. they worked very hard inspite of their old age
=> Despite being old, they worked very hard.
1. i couldn't do the test because it was difficult
=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn't do it.
2.although he got up early, he was late for the first train
=> In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.
3.although english grammar is difficult, we like to study it
=> In spite of the difficulties in English grammar, we like to study it.
4. although he is an excellent doctor, he can't cure lever cancer
=> Despite being an excellent doctor, he can't cure lever cancer.
5. although my friend doesn't have money , she wans to buy that new car
=> Despite not having money,she wants to buy that new car.
6. although mai didn't speak english well, she decided to live in london
=> In spite of not speaking English well, Mai decided to live in London.
7. although he is sick, he goes to school
=> In spite of being sick, he goes to school.
8. although lan was tired, she did all her homwork carefully
=> Despite being tired, Lan did all her homework carefully.
9. evrybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty
=> Although she is poor, everybody has a great regard for her.
10. they worked very hard although they were old
=> In spite of being old, they worked very hard.
11. peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick
=> Because of his sickness, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.
12. mary went to bed early because she felt tired
=> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.
13.she didn't go to thr circus with betty because she had a bad cold
=> Because of the bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with betty.
14. john succeeded in his exam because he work hard
=> Because of working hard, John succeeded in his exam.
15. she stayed at home because her mother was sick
=> Because of her mother sickness, she stayed at home.
16.i like him because his father is kind to me
=> Because of his father kindness, I like him.
17. i couldn't do the test because it was difficult
=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn;t do it.
18. although he got up early, he was late for the first train
=> In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.
19.although i am hugry, i can't eat now
=> Despite being hungry, I can't eat now
20. despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city
=> Though the streets are narrow, many people drives cars in this city.
21. in spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie
=> Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to movie.
22. they worked very hard inspite of their old age
=> Despite being old, they worked very hard.
1. Lan didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.
-> Because of....sickness Lan didn't go to school yesterday.
2. I like beef and my sister does, too.
-> I like beef and so...............my sister does............
3. Learning how to use a computer is vere easy.
-> It is...............very easy to learning how to use a computer...............
1. Lan didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.
-> Because of...........her sickness , Lan didn't go to school...............
2. I like beef and my sister does, too.
-> I like beef and so............does my sister ...............
3. Learning how to use a computer is vere easy.
-> It is.........very easy to learn how to use a computer....................
9. Mai is sick because she didn't follow the doctor's orders.
—>If Mai had followed the doctor's orders,she wouldn't be sick
10. He is tired this morning because he didn't go to bed early last night.
—>lf he had gone to bed early last night,he wouldn't be tired this morning
11. They don't behave themselves so their parenfs are not happy about that.
—>If they behaved themselves,their parents would be happy about that.
12. She didn't say sorry so he was angtry.
-->If she had said sorry,he wouldn't have been angry
13. I am not a rich businessman and I can't afford to buy an expensive Car.
—> If i were a rich businessman ,i could afford to buy an expensive Car.
14.It rained last night so I didn't go to the barbecue.
.—> If it hadn't rained last night,i would have gone to the barbecue
15. My parents do not allow me to go, so If have to stay at home.
— lf my parents allowed me to go,i wouldn't have to stay at home
16. She doesn't pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
—>lf she paid attention to her cooking,the food wouldn't be horrible.
17. The weather was very nice so we didn't go camping.
—> If the weather had been very nice,we would have gone camping
18. The computer broke down and I had fo stop my work
—> If the computer hadn't broken down,i wouldn't have to stop my work
19. She loves him so she forgives hìm easily.
--> If she didn't love him,she wouldn't forgive him easily.
20. He was angry so I didn;t say anything.
--> If he hadn't been angry ,i would have said anything
EX 3: Conditional Sentence Type I OR type II:
1/My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
—If my brother has enough money,He will buy a bicycle.
2/I'll buy a new hat. I'll give it to you.
—If i buy a new hat,I'll give it to you.
3/ You”ll ask the teacher. He'll explain the lesson to you.
—>If you ask the teacher,he 'll explain the lesson to you.
4, I don't have enough money. I can'n go on a long holiday this year.
--> If i had enough money,i could go on a long holiday this year.
tks bn