Question

[zZz Cool Kid_new zZz]

Cho \(x_1;x_2;x_3\) là 3 nghiệm của đa thức \(f\left(x\right)=x^3-3x+1\)

Tính \(A=\frac{1+2x_1}{1+x_1}+\frac{1+2x_2}{1+x_2}+\frac{1+2x_3}{1+x_3}\)

Answer 1

[Incursion_03]

Theo Vi-ét cho 3 số (chứng minh bằng hệ số bất định)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x_1+x_2+x_3=0\\x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_1x_3=-3\\x_1x_2x_3=-1\end{cases}}\)

\(A=\frac{1+2x_1}{1+x_1}+\frac{1+2x_2}{1+x_2}+\frac{1+2x_3}{1+x_3}\)

   \(=3+\frac{x_1}{1+x_1}+\frac{x_2}{1+x_2}+\frac{x_3}{1+x_3}\)

   \(=3+\frac{x_1\left(1+x_2\right)\left(1+x_3\right)+x_2\left(1+x_1\right)\left(1+x_3\right)+x_3\left(1+x_1\right)\left(1+x_2\right)}{\left(1+x_1\right)\left(1+x_2\right)\left(1+x_3\right)}\)

    \(=3+\frac{x_1\left(1+x_2+x_3+x_2x_3\right)+x_2\left(1+x_1+x_3+x_1x_3\right)+x_3\left(1+x_1+x_2+x_1x_2\right)}{\left(1+x_1+x_2+x_1x_2\right)\left(1+x_3\right)}\)

    \(=3+\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)+2\left(x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_3x_1\right)+3x_1x_2x_3}{1+x_1+x_2+x_3+x_1x_2+x_1x_3+x_2x_3+x_1.x_2.x_3}\)

   \(=3+\frac{0+2.\left(-3\right)+3.\left(-1\right)}{1+0-3-1}\)

   \(=6\)

Answer 2

[Phùng Minh Quân]

Do x₁ là một nghiệm của đa thức f(x) nên ta có: \(x_1^3-3x_1+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x_1+1\right)\left(x_1^2-x_1+1\right)=3x_1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x_1+1=\frac{3x_1}{x_1^2-x_1+1}\)

Có: \(A==\frac{1+2x_1}{1+x_1}+\frac{1+2x_2}{1+x_2}+\frac{1+2x_3}{1+x_3}=3+\left(\frac{x_1}{1+x_1}+\frac{x_2}{1+x_2}+\frac{x_3}{1+x_3}\right)\)

\(A=3+\left(\frac{x_1\left(x_1^2-x_1+1\right)}{3x_1}+\frac{x_2\left(x^2_2-x_2+1\right)}{3x_2}+\frac{x_3\left(x_3^2-x_3+1\right)}{3x_3}\right)\)

\(A=3+\frac{\left(x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2\right)-\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)+3}{3}\)

\(A=3+\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2-2\left(x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_3x_1\right)-\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)+3}{3}\)

Đến đây theo Vi-et bậc 3 

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x_1+x_2+x_3=0\\x_1x_2+x_2x_3+x_3x_1=-3\end{cases}}\)