Cho a, b, c dương. Chứng minh : \(\frac{a}{b}\)< \(\frac{a+c}{b+c}\)
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\(VT=\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\)
\(VT< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(VP=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+a\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(VP\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow VP>VT\) (đpcm)
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Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+2+2+2\) (BĐT Cosi vs Svac sơ)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{2.\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}+6\)(BĐT Svac sơ) \(=\frac{3}{2}+6=\frac{15}{2}\)
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1. Đề thiếu
2. BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (đpcm)
3.
Ta có:
\(\left(a^6+b^6+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+1+b^3+c^3+1+c^3+a^3+1\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+1\ge3ab\) ; \(b^3+c^3+1\ge3bc\) ; \(c^3+a^3+1\ge3ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
4.
Ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\) ; \(c^3+1+1\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+6\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
5.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\) ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\le\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=a.\frac{1}{b+c}\le a.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{b}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có :
\(\frac{b+c}{a}\ge4.\frac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{c+a}{b}\ge\frac{4b}{c+a}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{c}\ge\frac{ac}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\ge4.\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a= b = c
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Làm:
-Có : \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Co-si với hai số không âm a và (b+c) có:
-, a+b+c \(\ge2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{a}{\frac{a+b+c}{2}}=\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
-. Làm tương tự với hai phân thức còn lại
Cộng vế với vế, ta có: VT \(\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
- Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b+c\\b=c+a\\c=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=2\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
Mà a,b,c >0 nên dấu "=" không xảy ra \(\Rightarrow\text{đ}pcm\)
Kl: \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}>2\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi với hai số dương là \(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}}\) và 1, ta được:
\(\frac{\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+1\right)}{2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}\cdot1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2a}\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}}\)
hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)(1)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\)(2)
và \(\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)(3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}}=1\\\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b}}=1\\\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c}}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{b+c}{a}=1\\\frac{a+c}{b}=1\\\frac{a+b}{c}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c=a\\a+c=b\\a+b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)(loại vì trái với điều kiện là ba số a,b,c đều dương)
Như vậy dấu '=' không xảy ra
hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}>2\)(đpcm)
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\(a^2\left(\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+b^2\left(\frac{1}{a+c}-\frac{1}{a+b}\right)+c^2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge0.\)
\(a^2\left(\frac{a-}{b+c}\frac{b}{a+c}\right)+b^2\left(\frac{b}{a+c}\frac{-c}{a+b}\right)+c^2\left(\frac{c-}{a+b}\frac{a}{b+c}\right)\ge0.\)
\(a^2\left(a^2-b^2\right)+b^2\left(b^2-c^2\right)+c^2\left(c^2-a^2\right)\ge0.\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2.\) cái này dễ rồi .