Cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab+bc+ca+abc=2\\a,b,c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tìm Max :
\(P=\Sigma\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+2a+2}\)
@Akai Haruma
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Câu 1 chuyên phan bội châu
câu c hà nội
câu g khoa học tự nhiên
câu b am-gm dựa vào hằng đẳng thử rồi đặt ẩn phụ
câu f đặt \(a=\frac{2m}{n+p};b=\frac{2n}{p+m};c=\frac{2p}{m+n}\)
Gà như mình mấy câu còn lại ko bt nha ! để bạn tth_pro full cho nhé !
Câu c quen thuộc, chém trước:
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\) \((\ast)\)
Hay là: \(\frac{1}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
Có: \(8(y^2+z^2) \Big[(x^2 +y^2 +z^2)^2 -x\left\{x^3 +(y+z)^3 \right\}\Big]\)
\(= \left( 4\,x{y}^{2}+4\,x{z}^{2}-{y}^{3}-3\,{y}^{2}z-3\,y{z}^{2}-{z}^{3 } \right) ^{2}+ \left( 7\,{y}^{4}+8\,{y}^{3}z+18\,{y}^{2}{z}^{2}+8\,{z }^{3}y+7\,{z}^{4} \right) \left( y-z \right) ^{2} \)
Từ đó BĐT \((\ast)\) là đúng. Do đó: \(\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\therefore VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\sum\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=1\)
Done.
\(P=\dfrac{2-\left(1+a^2\right)}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{2-\left(1+b^2\right)}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\right)-2\)
Từ điều kiện \(ab+bc+ca=1\), đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=tanx\\b=tany\\c=tanz\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(x+y+z=\dfrac{\pi}{2}\)
Xét \(Q=\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{1}{1+tan^2x}+\dfrac{1}{1+tan^2y}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+tan^2z}}\)
\(Q=cos^2x+cos^2y+cosz=1+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos2x+cos2y\right)+cosz\)
\(=1+cos\left(x+y\right)cos\left(x-y\right)+cosz\le1+cos\left(x+y\right)+cosz\)
\(=1+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-z\right)+cosz=1+sinz+cosz=1+\sqrt{2}sin\left(z+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)-2=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{\pi}{8}\\z=\dfrac{\pi}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\sqrt{2}-1;\sqrt{2}-1;1\right)\)
#Max: Giả sử z=max{x, y, z} \(\Rightarrow z\ge2\). Ta chứng minh BĐT sau:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+xyz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+z^2+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2z}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4}\left(z-2\right)\ge0\) ( đúng ) (*)
Do đó \(VT\le\dfrac{\left(6-z\right)^2}{2}+z^2+\dfrac{z\left(6-z\right)^2}{4}=f\left(z\right)\) với \(z\in\left[2;3\right]\)
\(f'\left(z\right)=\left(6-z\right).\left(-1\right)+2z+\dfrac{1}{4}.\left[\left(6-z\right)^2+z.2\left(z-6\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}z^2-3z+3=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(z-2\right)^2\ge0\).Suy ra \(f\left(z\right)\le f\left(3\right)=\dfrac{81}{4}\)
Dấu = đạt được tại \(x=y=\dfrac{3}{2},z=3\) và các hoán vị
#Min: Để ý (*), ta giả sử z=Min{x, y, z} thì \(z\le2\). Do đó ta lại có
\(VT\ge f\left(z\right)\) với \(z\in\left[0;2\right]\). Vì f(z) vẫn đồng biến / R nên min sẽ đạt được tại z=0 và bằng 18
Dấu = đạt được tại x=y=3, z=0 và các hoán vị
\(P=\dfrac{a}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+ca}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+ab}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a}{2a\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{2b\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{2c\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a\sqrt{bc}}{2abc}+\dfrac{b\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}+\dfrac{c\sqrt{ab}}{2abc}\)
\(\le\dfrac{2a^2+b^2+c^2}{8abc}+\dfrac{2b^2+a^2+c^2}{8abc}+\dfrac{2c^2+b^2+a^2}{8abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{8abc}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{b-3}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a-2\right).2}}{a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(b-3\right).\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2}}}{b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(c-6\right).2.2.2}}{c\sqrt[3]{8}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a-2+2}{2a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b-3+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}}{3b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{c-6+2+2+2}{4c\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{2a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b}{3b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{c}{4c\sqrt[4]{8}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=2\\b-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\\c-6=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=\dfrac{9}{2}\\c=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{bc\sqrt{a-2}+ac\sqrt[3]{b-3}+ab\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{b-3}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(a-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2\left(b-3\right)}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{2\left(c-6\right)}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2+a-2}{2}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+b-3+1}{3}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+c-6+1+1+1+1}{4}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{2}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{3}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{4}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{2}}\)
+) Bài bất đẳng thức:
\(\dfrac{2017a-a^2}{bc}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)a-a^2}{bc}=\dfrac{ab+ca}{bc}=\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{a}{b}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2017b-b^2}{ca}=\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{2017c-c^2}{ab}=\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{2017a-a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{2017b-b^2}{bc}+\dfrac{2017c-c^2}{ab}=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\sqrt{2}\left(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{2017-a}{a}}\right)=\sqrt{2}\left(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)-a}{a}}\right)=\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c+a}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\right)\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\ge\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c+a}{b}}\right)\)
*Có: \(\sqrt{2.\dfrac{a+b}{c}}+\sqrt{2.\dfrac{b+c}{a}}+\sqrt{2.\dfrac{c+a}{b}}\le\dfrac{2+\dfrac{a+b}{c}}{2}+\dfrac{2+\dfrac{b+c}{a}}{2}+\dfrac{2+\dfrac{c+a}{b}}{2}=3+\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}}{2}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\ge3+\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}}{2}\)
hay \(\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\ge6\) (cái này chị tự chứng minh nhé)
Áp dụng BĐT B.C.S ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ac}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ac}\ge\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
mặt khác do \(a+b+c\le3\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ac}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ac}\ge1\)(*)
ta lại có \(ab+bc+ac\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2007}{ab+bc+ac}\ge\dfrac{2007}{3}=669\)(**)
lấy (*)+(**) vế theo vế ta được
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{2009}{ab+bc+ac}\ge669+1=670\left(dpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{b}{c}=x\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab+bc=2c^2\\2a\le c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}.x+x=2\\\dfrac{a}{c}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{2-x}{x}\\\dfrac{2-x}{x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{2-x}{x}\\x\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta lại có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a-b}+\dfrac{b}{b-c}+\dfrac{c}{c-a}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{c}}{\dfrac{a}{c}-\dfrac{b}{c}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{c}}{\dfrac{b}{c}-1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{a}{c}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{2-x}{x}}{\dfrac{2-x}{x}-x}+\dfrac{x}{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{2-x}{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2+8x-4}{2x^2+2x-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{27}{5}+\dfrac{39x^2+14x-88}{2x^2+2x-4}=\dfrac{27}{5}+\dfrac{\left(3x-4\right)\left(13x+22\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\ge\dfrac{27}{5}\)
Vậy GTNN là \(\dfrac{27}{5}\) dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \((a+1,b+1,c+1)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=(x-1,y-1,z-1)\)
Khi đó:
\(ab+bc+ac+abc=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(y-1)+(y-1)(z-1)+(z-1)(x-1)+(x-1)(y-1)(z-1)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-(x+y+z)+2=2\Leftrightarrow xyz=x+y+z\)
Vậy bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z>0$ thỏa mãn \(x+y+z=xyz\)
Tìm max \(P=\sum \frac{x}{x^2+1}\)
----------------------------------
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x(x+y+z)=x^2yz\)
\(\Rightarrow x(x+y+z)+yz=yz(x^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(x+z)=yz(x^2+1)\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{yz}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{x}{x^2+1}=\frac{x}{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{yz}}=\frac{xyz}{(x+y)(x+z)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sum \frac{x}{x^2+1}=\sum \frac{xyz}{(x+y)(x+z)}=\frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\((x+y)(y+z)(x+z)=(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-xyz\)
\(\geq (x+y+z).(xy+yz+xz)-\frac{(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)}{9}=\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{9}{4}.\frac{xyz}{xy+yz+xz}(*)\)
Mà: \((xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)=3(xyz)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\geq \sqrt{3}xyz(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{9}{4}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\). Vậy \(P_{\max}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)