Cho a,b,c >0. Chứng minh rằng
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
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a.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b.
Ta có:
\(a^2+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^2bc}=2\sqrt{ab.ac}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab.ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương:
\(a^2+bc\geq 2\sqrt{a^2bc}; b^2+ac\geq 2\sqrt{b^2ac}; c^2+ab\geq 2\sqrt{c^2ab}\)
Do đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2ab}}\)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}}{2abc}(*)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \sqrt{bc}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}\\ \sqrt{ac}\leq \frac{a+c}{2}\\ \sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{a+b}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\leq a+b+c(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2a\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{1}{2b\sqrt{ac}}+\dfrac{1}{2c\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}}{2abc}\)
Mặt khác ta luôn có:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)-2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\le a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\ge0\\1-b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow1-b-a+ab\ge0\Leftrightarrow1+ab\ge a+b\)(1)
Tiếp tục chứng minh ta được: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\ge c\\ab\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)(2)
Cộng theo vế pt(1) với pt(2) ta được:
\(1+ab+1+ab\ge a+b+c+0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+1\right)\ge a+b+c\)
Nên: \(\dfrac{c}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2c}{2\left(ab+1\right)}\le\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự suy ra đpcm
Câu hỏi của Phạm Quốc Anh - Toán lớp 7 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Đặt \(T=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)>0\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+ca}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2+ab}{a+b}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+bc}{b+c}-a+\dfrac{b^2+ca}{c+a}-b+\dfrac{c^2+ab}{a+b}-c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+bc-ab-ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2+ac-ab-bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2+ab-ac-bc}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2-c^2\right)+\left(b^2-a^2\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(c^2-a^2\right)\left(c^2-b^2\right)}{T}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4-b^2c^2-c^2a^2-a^2b^2}{T}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2}{2T}\ge0\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{b+c}{a^2+bc}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(a^2+bc\right)}\ge0\)
Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)thì
\(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(a^2+bc\right)}\ge0\).vậy nên chỉ cần chứng minh
\(\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(b^2+ac\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(c^2+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{b-a}{b\left(b^2+ac\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{c\left(c^2+ab\right)}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(b-a\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)+\left(a-c\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac-bc\right)\ge0\)( đúng vì \(a\ge b\ge c\))
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh.
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2a\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{2b\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{1}{2c\sqrt{ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
\(\leq \frac{\frac{a+b}{2}+\frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{a+c}{2}}{2abc}=\frac{a+b+c}{2abc}=\text{VP}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$