Chứng minh các hằng đẳng thức : a, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
b, \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
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\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3ab-3ac-3bc]\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right).2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2]\)
a)(x+a)(x+b)
=x(x+b)+a(x+b)
=x2+xb+ax+ab
=x2+(a+b).x+a.b
Vậy (x+a)(x+b)=x2+(a+b).x+a.b
b)(x+a)(x+b)(x+c)
=x(x+b)(x+c)+a(x+b)(x+c)
=(x2+xb)(x+c)+(ax+ab)(x+c)
=x2(x+c)+xb(x+c)+ax(x+c)+ab(x+c)
=x3+x2.c+x2.b+xbc+ax2+axc+abx+abc
=x3+(a+b+c).x2+(ab+bc+ca).x+abc
Vậy (x+a)(x+b)(x+c)=x3+(a+b+c).x2+(ab+bc+ca).x+abc
c)(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)
=a(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)+b(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)+c(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)
=a3+ab2+ac2-a2.b-abc-a2.c+ba2+b3+bc2-ab2-b2.c-bca+ca2+cb2+c3-cab-bc2-c2.a
=a3+b3+c3 -abc-bca-cab
=a3+b3+c3 -3abc
Vậy (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)=a3+b3+c3 -3abc
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-bc=x\\b^2-ca=y\\c^2-ab=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge0\)
\(\)Đẳng thức cần c/m trở thành: \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 3 số x,y,z, ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3.y^3.z^3}=3xyz\)
=> Đẳng thức (1) luôn đúng với mọi x
Dấu = xảy ra khi: x=y=z hay \(a^2-bc=b^2-ca=c^2-ab\)
và \(a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
a: \(\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(2ab\right)^2\)
\(=a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4+4a^2b^2\)
\(=a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\)
b: \(\left(ac+bd\right)^2+\left(ad-bc\right)^2\)
\(=a^2c^2+b^2d^2+a^2d^2+b^2c^2\)
\(=c^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+d^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)
c: \(\left(ax+b\right)^2+\left(a-bx\right)^2+c^2x^2\)
\(=a^2x^2+b^2+a^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2\)
\(=a^2\left(x^2+1\right)+b^2\left(x^2+1\right)+c^2x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c^2x^2\)
a) \(VT=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+3c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+c^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=VP\)
b) \(VT=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=VP\)