Tìm các số nguyên x,y thỏa mãn : x2 + x = xy + y+ 3
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\(x^2+3x+5=xy+2y\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-xy-2y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x+2\right)-y\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-y+1\right)=-3=\left(-1\right)\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot1\)
\(TH_1:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=-3\\x-y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-5;-5\right)\\ TH_2:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=3\\x-y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(1;3\right)\\ TH_3:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=1\\x-y+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-1;3\right)\\ TH_4:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=-1\\x-y+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\to\left(-3;-5\right)\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-5;-5\right);\left(1;3\right);\left(-1;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right)\)
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\(x^2+y^2+2\left(x+y\right)-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4xy+4y^2+8\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^2+4\left(2x-y\right)+4+3y^2+12y+12=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y+2\right)^2+3\left(y+2\right)^2=-16\)
Dễ thấy VT \(\ge0\) ; VP < 0 nên phương trình vô nghiệm
\(x^2+y^2-2\left(x+y\right)=xy\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1+y^2-2y+1=2+xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=2+xy\)
Ta lại có : \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\ge2\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\) (Bất đẳng thức Cauchy)
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a) \(6xy+4x-9y-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+2\right)-9y-6-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+x\right)-3.\left(3y+2\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right).\left(3y+2\right)=1\)
Mà \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3;3y+2\in Z\)
Tự làm típ
\(A=x^3+y^3+xy\)
\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xy\)
\(A=x^2-xy+y^2+xy\)( vì \(x+y=1\))
\(A=x^2+y^2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakovxky ta có :
\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x\cdot1+y\cdot1\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Hay \(x^3+y^3+xy\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
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4:
(x+1)(y-2)=5
=>\(\left(x+1;y-2\right)\in\left\{\left(1;5\right);\left(5;1\right);\left(-1;-5\right);\left(-5;-1\right)\right\}\)
=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;7\right);\left(4;3\right);\left(-2;-3\right);\left(-6;1\right)\right\}\)
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a.
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4x+4y^2=4xy+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=8\) (1)
Do \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0;\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2\le8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4\right\}\)
TH1: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\Rightarrow x=2\) thế vào (1)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2-2y\right)^2=8\Rightarrow\left(1-y\right)^2=2\) (ko tồn tại y nguyên t/m do 2 ko phải SCP)
TH2: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2=8-1=7\), mà 7 ko phải SCP nên pt ko có nghiệm nguyên
TH3: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=4\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) thế vào (1):
- Với \(x=0\Rightarrow\left(-2y\right)^2+4=8\Rightarrow y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\)
- Với \(x=2\Rightarrow\left(2-2y\right)^2+4=8\Rightarrow\left(1-y\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có các cặp nghiệm là:
\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right);\left(0;-1\right);\left(2;0\right);\left(2;2\right)\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4y^2+4xy-4x=14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=18\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=18\) (1)
Lý luận tương tự câu a ta được
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\le18\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;9;16\right\}\)
Với \(\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;16\right\}\) thì \(18-\left(x-2\right)^2\) ko phải SCP nên ko có giá trị nguyên x;y thỏa mãn
Với \(\left(x-2\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) thế vào (1)
- Với \(x=5\Rightarrow\left(5+2y\right)^2+9=18\Rightarrow\left(5+2y\right)^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5+2y=3\\5+2y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(x=-1\Rightarrow\left(-1+2y\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-1+2y=3\\-1+2y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(5;-1\right);\left(5;-4\right);\left(-1;3\right);\left(-1;-3\right)\)
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