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3:
a: =>x=0 hoặc x+5=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
b: =>x^2=4
=>x=2 hoặc x=-2
c: =>(x-5)(2x+1+x+6)=0
=>(x-5)(3x+7)=0
=>x=5 hoặc x=-7/3
1.
a. 2x - 6 > 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 2x > 6
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x > 3
S = \(\left\{x\uparrow x>3\right\}\)
b. -3x + 9 > 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) - 3x > - 9
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x < 3
S = \(\left\{x\uparrow x< 3\right\}\)
c. 3(x - 1) + 5 > (x - 1) + 3
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 3x - 3 + 5 > x - 1 + 3
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 3x - 3 + 5 - x + 1 - 3 > 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 2x > 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x > 0
S = \(\left\{x\uparrow x>0\right\}\)
d. \(\dfrac{x}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}>\dfrac{x}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{6}-\dfrac{3}{6}>\dfrac{x}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-3>x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-3-x>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>3\)
\(S=\left\{x\uparrow x>3\right\}\)
2.
a.
Ta có: a > b
3a > 3b (nhân cả 2 vế cho 3)
3a + 7 > 3b + 7 (cộng cả 2 vế cho 7)
b. Ta có: a > b
a > b (nhân cả 2 vế cho 1)
a + 3 > b + 3 (cộng cả 2 vế cho 3) (1)
Ta có; 3 > 1
b + 3 > b + 1 (nhân cả 2 vế cho 1b) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\) a + 3 > b + 1
c.
5a - 1 + 1 > 5b - 1 + 1 (cộng cả 2 vế cho 1)
5a . \(\dfrac{1}{5}\) > 5b . \(\dfrac{1}{5}\) (nhân cả 2 vế cho \(\dfrac{1}{5}\) )
a > b
3.
a. 2x(x + 5) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(S=\left\{0,-5\right\}\)
b. x2 - 4 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(S=\left\{0,4\right\}\)
d. (x - 5)(2x + 1) + (x - 5)(x + 6) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(2x+1+x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(3x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=0\\3x+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\dfrac{-7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(S=\left\{5,\dfrac{-7}{3}\right\}\)
3) Đặt b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z.
=>a=(y+z-x)/2 ; b=(x+z-y)/2 ; c=(x+y-z)/2
BĐT cần CM <=> \(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
VT=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)-3\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(Cauchy)
Dấu''='' tự giải ra nhá
Bài 4
dễ chứng minh \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab;\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc;\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4ac\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\ge64a^2b^2c^2\)
rồi khai căn ra \(\Rightarrow\)dpcm.
đấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)
a: Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
Đặt A=4(1-x)(1-y)(1-z)
Chứng minh BĐT phụ: \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)(Tự chứng minh)
Áp dụng BĐT thức trên, ta có:
\(A=4\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\)
\(=4\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\le4.\frac{\left(x+2y+z\right)^2}{4}.\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\le\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{\left(x+2y+x+z\right)^2}{4}\left(x+2y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4}\left(x+2y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le x+2y+z\)( do x+y+z=1)
Vậy....
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^4}{a^2b+9a}+\frac{b^4}{ab^2+9b}+\frac{b^4}{b^2c+9b}+\frac{c^4}{bc^2+9c}+\frac{c^4}{c^2a+9c}+\frac{a^4}{ca^2+9a}\)
\(\ge \frac{(a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+c^2+a^2)^2}{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+18(a+b+c)}=\frac{4(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+162}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\frac{a^3+b^3+b^3}{3}+\frac{b^3+c^3+c^3}{3}+\frac{c^3+a^3+a^3}{3}\geq ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)
Tương tự: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\geq \frac{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+ab(a+b)+bc(c+a)+ca(c+a)\geq \frac{3}{2}[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)(a+b+c)\geq \frac{3}{2}[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)\leq 6(a^2+b^2+c^2)\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{4(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{6(a^2+b^2+c^2)+162}\)
Đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=t\). Dễ thấy \(t\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=27\). Khi đó:
\(\frac{4(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{6(a^2+b^2+c^2)+162}-9=\frac{4t^2}{6t+162}-9=\frac{2(t-27)(2t+27)}{6t+162}\geq 0, \forall t\geq 27\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{4t^2}{6t+162}\geq 9\) (đpcm). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=3$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2}=(a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{2\sqrt{ab^2}}+\frac{bc^2}{2\sqrt{bc^2}}+\frac{ca^2}{\sqrt{ca^2}}\right)=(a+b+c)-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{ab^2}+\sqrt{bc^2}+\sqrt{ca^2})\)
\(\geq (a+b+c)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+b}{2}+\frac{bc+c}{2}+\frac{ca+a}{2}\right)=\frac{3(a+b+c)-(ab+bc+ac)}{2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)=(a^2+b^2+c^2)(ab+bc+ac)\geq (ab+bc+ac)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq ab+bc+ac\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{3(a+b+c)-(a+b+c)}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$