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\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{11-2\sqrt{30}}}-\frac{3}{\sqrt{7-2\sqrt{10}}}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{8+4\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6-2.\sqrt{6}.\sqrt{5}+5}}-\frac{3}{\sqrt{5-2.\sqrt{5}.\sqrt{2}+2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}}-\frac{3}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}-\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{6-5}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}-\frac{5-2}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}}+\frac{3-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+1=\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+1\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)+\sqrt{3}+1=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\)
Bài 1
a) \(P=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{a+\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1-\sqrt{a}}\) (ĐK : x\(\ge0\) ; x\(\ne\) 1)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-a+1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+3\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
b) \(P=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
Vậy để P là số nguyên thì: \(\sqrt{a}-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
Mà Ư(2)={-1;1;2;-1}
=> \(\sqrt{a}-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(\sqrt{a}-1\) | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
| a | 4 | 0 | 9 | \(\sqrt{a}=-1\) (ktm) |
vậy a={0;4;9} thì P nguyên
Bài 2
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a+4\sqrt{a-4}}+\sqrt{a-4\sqrt{a-4}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{8}{a}+\frac{16}{a^2}}}\)(ĐK:a\(\ge\)8)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)+4\sqrt{a-4}+4}+\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)-4\sqrt{a-4}+4}}{\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{4}{a}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}-2\right)^2}}{1-\frac{4}{a}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a-4}+2+\sqrt{a-4}-2:\frac{a-4}{a}\)
\(=2\sqrt{a-4}\cdot\frac{a}{a-4}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a-4}}\)
\(\frac{A}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{1+\sqrt{7}}{2+\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{7}}}+\frac{1-\sqrt{7}}{2-\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{7}}}\)
\(=\frac{1+\sqrt{7}}{2+1+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1-\sqrt{7}}{2-\sqrt{7}+1}\)
\(=\frac{1+\sqrt{7}}{3+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1-\sqrt{7}}{3-\sqrt{7}}\)
=\(\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{7}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)+\left(1-\sqrt{7}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-8}{2}=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow A=-4\sqrt{2}\)
\(11-2\sqrt{30}=\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}\right)^2\)
\(7-2\sqrt{10}=\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
\(8+4\sqrt{3}=\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
Khi đó: \(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}-\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}=0\)