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a)
\(\dfrac{13}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\inƯ\left(13\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\in\left\{1;-1;13;-13\right\}\\ \Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;14;-12\right\}\)
b)
\(\dfrac{x+3}{x-2}=\dfrac{x-2+5}{x-2}=\dfrac{x-2}{x-2}+\dfrac{5}{x-2}=1+\dfrac{5}{x-2}\\ 1+\dfrac{5}{x-2}\in Z\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x-2}\in Z\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\inƯ\left(5\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\\ \Rightarrow x\in\left\{3;1;7;-3\right\}\)
tham khảo
https://olm.vn/hoi-dap/detail/99049659825.html
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Lời giải:
\(1+\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3}+...+\frac{1}{1+2+3+...+x}=1+\frac{1}{\frac{2.3}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{3.4}{2}}+....+\frac{1}{\frac{x(x+1)}{2}}\)
\(=1+2\left(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{x(x+1)}\right)\)
\(=1+2\left(\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+...+\frac{(x+1)-x}{x(x+1)}\right)\)
\(=1+2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)\)
\(=1+2(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{x+1})=2-\frac{2}{x+1}\)
Ta có: $2-\frac{2}{x+1}=2$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{2}{x+1}=0$ (vô lý)
Vậy không tồn tại $x$ nguyên dương thỏa mãn.
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x + 3 chia hết x - 1
x + 3 - ( x - 1 ) chia hết x - 1
2 chia hết x - 1
Do đó x - 1 thuộc Ư (2) = ( 1,-1,2,-2)
x - 1 = 1 suy ra x = 2
x - 1 = -1 suy ra x = 0
x - 1 = 2 suy ra x = 3
x - 1 = -2 suy ra x = -1
Vậy x = 2, 0, 3, -1
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\(\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{x-1+4}{x-1}=\dfrac{x-1}{x-1}+\dfrac{4}{x-1}=1+\dfrac{4}{x-1}\)
Để đạt GT nguyên thì \(\dfrac{4}{x-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ_{\left(4\right)}=\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\\ \Rightarrow x\in\left\{-3;-1;0;2;3;5\right\}\)
\(\dfrac{x-1+4}{x-1}=1+\dfrac{4}{x-1}\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)
x-1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 4 | -4 |
x | 2 | 0 | 3 | -1 | 5 | -3 |
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Để P đạt Giá trị nguyên
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{3;1\right\}\)\(\left(\sqrt{x}\ge0\forall x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;0\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\sqrt{2};0\right\}\)
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a, `2/(x-1) in ZZ`.
`=> 2 vdots x - 1`
`=> x-1 in Ư(2)`
`=> x - 1 in {+-1, +-2}`.
`=> x - 1 = 1 => x = 2`.
`=> x - 1 = -1 => x = 0`.
`=> x - 1 = -2 => x = -1`.
`=> x - 1 = 2 => x = 3`.
Vậy `x = 2, 0, - 1, 3`.
b, `4/(2x-1) in ZZ`
`=> 4 vdots 2x - 1`.
`=> 2x - 1 in Ư(4)`
Vì `2x vdots 2 => 2x - 1 cancel vdots 2`
`=> 2x - 1 in {+-1}`
`=> 2x - 1 = -1 => x = 0`.
`=> 2x - 1 = 1 => x = 1`
Vậy `x = 0,1`.
c, `(x+3)/(x-1) in ZZ`.
`=> x + 3 vdots x - 1`
`=> x - 1 + 4 vdots x - 1`.
`=> 4 vdots x-1`
`=> x -1 in Ư(4)`
`=> x - 1 in{+-1, +-2, +-4}`
`x - 1 = 1 => x = 2`.
`x - 1 = -1 => x = 0`.
`x - 1 = 2 =>x = 3`.
`x - 1 = -2 => x = -1`.
`x - 1 = 4 => x = 5`.
`x - 1 = -4 => x = -3`.
Vậy `x = 2, 0 , +-1, 5, -3`.
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b, \(A=\dfrac{x+3+2}{x+3}=1+\dfrac{2}{x+3}\Rightarrow x+3\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
x+3 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
x | -2 | -4 | -1 | -5 |
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a, Để A là phân số thì \(x-3\ne0\Rightarrow x\ne3\)
b, Để A là phân số thì \(\dfrac{x-5}{x-3}\in Z\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-3-2}{x-3}\in Z\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{2}{x-3}\in Z\)
Vì \(1\in Z\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x-3}\in Z\Rightarrow2⋮\left(x-3\right)\Rightarrow x-3\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng:
x-3 | -2 | -1 | 1 | 2 |
x | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
Vậy \(x\in\left\{1;2;4;5\right\}\)
Đẻ \(\dfrac{\sqrt[]{x}-2}{\sqrt[]{x}+3}\) là số nguyên khi
\(\left(\sqrt[]{x}-2\right)⋮\left(\sqrt[]{x}+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[]{x}-2-\left(\sqrt[]{x}+3\right)⋮\sqrt[]{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[]{x}-2-\sqrt[]{x}-3⋮\sqrt[]{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow-5⋮\sqrt[]{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt[]{x}+3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-5;5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\varnothing;\varnothing;\varnothing;4\right\}\Rightarrow x\in\left\{4\right\}\left(x\in Z\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3-5}{\sqrt{x}+3}=1-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}+3}\) nguyên khi:
5 ⋮ \(\sqrt{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+3\inƯ\left(5\right)\)
Mà: \(Ư\left(5\right)=\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)
Và \(x\ge0\) nên \(\sqrt{x}+3\in\left\{5\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
Vậy biểu thức nguyên khi x=4