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3/ Ta có \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)+2abc\)
\(=\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+abc\right]+\left[bc\left(b+c\right)+abc\right]+\left[ca\left(c+a\right)+ca\right]-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)ab+\left(a+b+c\right)bc+\left(a+b+c\right)ca-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)= -abc
Suy ra \(P=\frac{-abc}{abc}=-1\)
Vậy..
Ta có
\(B=\frac{\left(x-b\right)\left(x-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-b\right)\left(x-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-b\right)\left(x-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}-\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-b\right)\left(x-c\right)-\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(x-a\right)-\left(x-b\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(x-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\).
\(=\frac{x-c}{a-c}-\frac{x-a}{a-c}=\frac{x-c-x+a}{a-c}\)
\(=1\)
Bài 1:
a) Từ đkđb:
$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$
$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.
Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$
Do đó:
$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$
$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$
$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)
b)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$
Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$
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Thật vậy:
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)
Vậy........
ĐKXĐ : a;b;c>0;a≠−(b+c);b≠−(c+a);c≠−(a+b)a;b;c≠0;a≠−(b+c);b≠−(c+a);c≠−(a+b)
a+b−xc+b+c−xa+c+a−xb+4xa+b+c=1a+b−xc+b+c−xa+c+a−xb+4xa+b+c=1
⇔(a+b−xc+1)+(b+c−xa+1)+(c+a−xb+1)+4xa+b+c−3−1=0⇔(a+b−xc+1)+(b+c−xa+1)+(c+a−xb+1)+4xa+b+c−3−1=0
⇔a+b+c−xc+a+b+c−xa+a+b+c−xb+4xa+b+c−4=0⇔a+b+c−xc+a+b+c−xa+a+b+c−xb+4xa+b+c−4=0
⇔(a+b+c−x)(1a+1b+1c)+4(x−a−b−c)a+b+c=0⇔(a+b+c−x)(1a+1b+1c)+4(x−a−b−c)a+b+c=0
⇔(a+b+c−x)(1a+1b+1c−4a+b+c)=0⇔(a+b+c−x)(1a+1b+1c−4a+b+c)=0
Do 1a+1b+1c−4a+b+c≠01a+1b+1c−4a+b+c≠0
⇒a+b+c−x=0⇔x=a+b+c⇒a+b+c−x=0⇔x=a+b+c
Vậy ...
Ta có pt : \(\frac{a+b-x}{c}+\frac{b+c-x}{a}+\frac{c+a-x}{b}+\frac{4x}{a+b+c}=1\) (1)
( ĐK: Do bài cho a,b,c > 0 rồi nên không cần nhé bạn )
Pt (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a+b-x}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b+c-x}{a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c+a-x}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{4x}{a+b+c}-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c-x}{c}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{a}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{b}-\frac{4\left(a+b+c-x\right)}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b+c}\right)=0\)
Do : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}\ne0\forall a,b,c>0\)
Nên : \(a+b+c-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=x\)
Vậy : pt (1) có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{a+b+c\right\}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{x}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{x}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0x=2\)
Vậy PT vô nghiệm
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b-x}{c}+\frac{b+c-x}{a}+\frac{c+a-x}{b}=1-\frac{4x}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c-x}{c}+\frac{b+c+a-x}{a}+\frac{c+a+b-x}{b}=4-\frac{4x}{a+b+c}\)(Vế trái cộng mỗi phân số với 1 thì vế phải +3)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=4\left(a+b+c-x\right).\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
+ Xét \(a+b+c-x=0\Rightarrow x=a+b+c\)
+ Xét \(a+b+c-x\)khác 0 \(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}>4\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\)(bất đẳng thức COSY đó bạn)
như vậy là phương trình vô nghiệm
Sai rồi nha bạn Nguyễn Thuỳ Trang.
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{4}{a+b+c}\) vẫn được mà.
Đề có cho \(a,b,c\) dương đầu mà dùng Cauchy như đúng rồi vậy! Cẩn thận một chút.