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- có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a+b\right)^2=1\\\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+2ab+b^2=1\\a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}}\) nên : \(P=a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{1}{2}+\frac{4}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}+4=\frac{9}{2}\)\(P_{min}=\frac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1: Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Lại có BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}=4\left(a+b=1\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 2 BĐT trên có:
\(P=a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge4+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(x-1\right)+\left(3-x\right)+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\)
\(=2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\)
\(\le2+\left(x-1\right)+\left(3-x\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le4\Rightarrow VT\le2\left(1\right)\). Lại có:
\(VP=x^2-4x+4+2=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1);(2) xảy ra khi
\(VT=VP=2\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+2=2\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=2\) (thỏa)
Vậy x=2 là nghiệm của pt
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{2c}{a+c}\cdot\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2a}{a+b}+\frac{2b}{a+b}+\frac{2a}{a+c}+\frac{2c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
bài 5 nhé:
a) (a+1)2>=4a
<=>a2+2a+1>=4a
<=>a2-2a+1.>=0
<=>(a-1)2>=0 (luôn đúng)
vậy......
b) áp dụng bất dẳng thức cô si cho 2 số dương 1 và a ta có:
a+1>=\(2\sqrt{a}\)
tương tự ta có:
b+1>=\(2\sqrt{b}\)
c+1>=\(2\sqrt{c}\)
nhân vế với vế ta có:
(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)>=\(2\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}.2\sqrt{c}\)
<=>(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)>=\(8\sqrt{abc}\)
<=>(a+)(b+1)(c+1)>=8 (vì abc=1)
vậy....
\(5,M=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\\ M=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab\right]\\ M=1\left(1-3ab\right)=1-3ab\ge1-\dfrac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=1-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ M_{min}=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 5:
\(a+b=1\Rightarrow a=1-b\)
\(M=a^3+b^3=\left(1-b\right)^3+b^3=1-3b+3b^2-b^3+b^3\)
\(=1-3b+3b^2=3\left(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=3\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(minM=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 7:
\(a^3+b^3+abc\ge ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+abc-ab\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-a^2b-ab^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)(đúng do a,b dương)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
5.
Với mọi a;b ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(M=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)=a^2+b^2-ab\)
\(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
6.
Do \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=2>0\)
Mà \(a^2-ab+b^2>0\Rightarrow a+b>0\)
Mặt khác với mọi a;b ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\) \(\Rightarrow-ab\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Từ đó:
\(2=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^3-3.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3\le8\Rightarrow a+b\le2\)
\(N_{max}=2\) khi \(a=b=1\)
\(3\left(4a^2+6b^2+3c^2\right)-4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{\left(4a-2b-2c\right)^2+6\left(2b-c\right)^2}{16}\ge0\)
Rồi làm nốt.
đề sai rồi bạn ơi
a+b=<2 căn 2 mà
Áp dụng BĐT sờ vác sơ,ta có:
\(P\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "="xảy ra khi \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
Ngoài ra bạn có thể dùng BCS,BĐT phụ 1/x+1/y>=4/x+y,...