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Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol
→ mX = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
nCl2nCl2 = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol
%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%
%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%
%Al ≈ 22,69%
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
a)
\(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2 (1)
0,6<----------------------0,3
=> mNa = 0,6.23 = 13,8 (g)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1<-0,2
=> mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)
mCu = 10 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Na=\dfrac{13,8}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=46,94\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{5,6}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=19,05\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{10}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=34,01\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,3}{y}\)<--0,3
=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{17,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{y}}=58y\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> 56x = 42y
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) => CTHH: Fe3O4
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,6<----------------------0,3
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1<--0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,6.23=13,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=10\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{13,8}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=46,94\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=19,05\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{10}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=34,01\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,3}{y}\)<--0,3
=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=56x+16y=\dfrac{17,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{y}}\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
=> CTHH: Fe3O4
TN1: Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 65a + 56b + 64c = 37 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a---------------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b---------------------->b
=> \(a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\) (2)
TN2: Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=ak\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=bk\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=ck\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,15 (3)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3,92}{22,4}=0,175\)
PTHH: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
ak-->ak
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
bk--->1,5bk
Cu + Cl2 --to--> CuCl2
ck-->ck
=> ak + 1,5bk + ck = 0,175 (4)
(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\\c=0,2\left(mol\right)\\k=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{37}.100\%=35,135\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{37}.100\%=30,27\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,2.64}{37}.100\%=34,595\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
Gọi x,y,z lần lượt là số mol của Zn, Fe, Cu trong hh đầu
.......k là tỉ lệ của hh X sau so với hh đầu
nH2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\) mol
Pt: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
.......x....................................x
......Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
.......y....................................y
Ta có: 65x + 56y + 64z = 9,25 (1)
...........x + y = 0,1 (2)
nCl2 = \(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\) mol
Pt: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
......kx......kx
.....2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
......ky.....1,5ky
......Cu + Cl2 --to--> CuCl2
........kz.....kz
Ta có: (x + y + z).k = 0,3
...........(x + 1,5y + z).k = 0,35
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+1,5y+z\right).k}{\left(x+y+z\right).k}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1,5y+z}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{7}{6}\)
=> x - 2y + z = 0 (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y+64z=9,25\\x+y=0,1\\x-2y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0,05\)
mZn = 0,05 . 65 = 3,25 (g)
mFe = 0,05 . 56 = 2,8 (g)
mCu = 0,05 . 64 = 3,2 (g)
Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol
→ mX = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
nCl2nCl2 = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol
%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%
%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%
%Al ≈ 22,69%