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Câu hỏi của trieu dang - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(yz+xz+xy\right)}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow yz+zx+xy=0\)
Ta có : \(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz+yz\)
\(=x^2+yz-zx-xy\)
\(=x\left(x-z\right)-y\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự : \(y^2+2xz=y^2+xz+xz\)
\(=y^2+xz-xy-yz\)
\(=y\left(y-x\right)+z\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
\(z^2+2xy=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\) \(M=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\frac{xz\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(M=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-y+y-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(yz-xz\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(xy-xz\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-yz-zx;yz=-xy-zx;zx=-xy-yz\)
Ta có: x2+2yz=x2+yz+yz=x2+yz-xy-zx=x(x-y)-z(x-y)=(x-y)(x-z)
Tương tự: \(y^2+2xz=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right);z^2+2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
A= \(\frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+2xy}\)=\(\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\frac{xz\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)\(=\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(x-y+y-z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(y-z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(xy-xz\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(xz-yz\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)nhân lần lượt với x; y; z, ta có:
\(1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}=0\)(1)
\(1+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{y}{x}=0\)(2)
\(1+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}=0\)(3)
Từ: (1); (2) và (3) => \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}=-3\)(*)
Mặt khác: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)quy đồng ta có:
\(\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}=0\)hay xy + yz + zx = 0
Hay: \(\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right).\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\)
Khai triển, ta có:
\(\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}=0\)
Vậy: \(\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=-\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\right)=3\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\) (nhân 2 vế với\(xyz\ne0\))
=> x2 + 2yz = x2 + 2yz - xy - yz - xz = x2 - xz - xy + yz = x(x - z) - y(x - z) = (x - y)(x - z).
Tương tự,y2 + 2xz = (y - x)(y - z) ; z2 + 2xy = (z - x)(z - y)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}=1\)
Bài \(1a.\) Tìm \(x,y,z\) biết \(x^2+4y^2=2xy+1\) \(\left(1\right)\) và \(z^2=2xy-1\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Cộng \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) vế theo vế, ta được:
\(x^2+4y^2+z^2=4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2-4xy+4y^2+z^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x-2y\right)^2+z^2=0\)
Do \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0\) và \(z^2\ge0\) với mọi \(x,y,z\)
nên để thỏa mãn đẳng thức trên thì phải đồng thời xảy ra \(\left(x-2y\right)^2=0\) và \(z^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(^{x-2y=0}_{z^2=0}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(^{x=2y}_{z=0}\)
Từ \(\left(2\right)\), với chú ý rằng \(x=2y\) và \(z=0\), ta suy ra:
\(2xy-1=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2.\left(2y\right).y-1=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(4y^2-1=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(y^2=\frac{1}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(y=\frac{1}{2}\) hoặc \(y=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\text{*)}\) Với \(y=\frac{1}{2}\) kết hợp với \(z=0\) \(\left(cmt\right)\) thì \(\left(2\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(2.x.\frac{1}{2}-1=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=1\)
\(\text{*)}\) Tương tự với trường hợp \(y=-\frac{1}{2}\), ta cũng dễ dàng suy ra được \(x=-1\)
Vậy, các cặp số \(x,y,z\) cần tìm là \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left\{\left(1;\frac{1}{2};0\right),\left(-1;-\frac{1}{2};0\right)\right\}\)
\(b.\) Vì \(x+y+z=1\) nên \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=1\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Mặt khác, ta lại có \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(xy+yz+xz=0\) \(\left(4\right)\) (do \(xyz\ne0\))
Do đó, từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\)
Vậy, \(B=1\)
1a) x=1, y=1/2, z=0