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1) Đề sai, thử với x = -2 là thấy không thỏa mãn.
Giả sử cho rằng với đề là x không âm thì áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(A=\)\(\frac{2x}{3}+\frac{9}{\left(x-3\right)^2}=\frac{x-3}{3}+\frac{x-3}{3}+\frac{9}{\left(x-3\right)^2}+2\)
\(A\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(x-3\right).\left(x-3\right).9}{3.3.\left(x-3\right)^2}}+2=3+2=5>1\)
Không thể xảy ra dấu đẳng thức.
\(a)\)
\(\frac{x^2+y^2+5}{2}\ge x+2y\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+5}{2}-x-2y\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2-2x-4y+5}{2}\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)}{2}\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2}{2}\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2}{2}\ge0\)
a) Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 2-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(2-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}.2-\dfrac{1}{2^2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
b) Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2n+1}{2n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2n}{2n+1}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{4n+2}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{2\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{n}{2n+1}\)
\(\left(m+1\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(p+1\right)=mnp+\left(m+n+p\right)+\left(mn+np+pm\right)+1\)
Dùng BĐT Cauchy cho từng ngoặc ta có điều phải cm do mnp=1.
Đặt S = \(\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+....+\frac{1}{n^3}\)
\(S<\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+.....+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Tính VP ra là được