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\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\) (vì a + b + c + d khác 0) nên a = b = c = d
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a-b}{c+d}+\frac{2b-c}{d+a}+\frac{2c-d}{a+b}+\frac{2d-a}{b+c}=\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.4=2\)
Giải: Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\) (vì a + b + c + d\(\ne\)0)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}=1\)=> a = b
\(\frac{b}{c}=1\) => b = c
\(\frac{c}{d}=1\) => c = d
\(\frac{d}{a}=1\) => d = a
=> a = b = c = d
Khi đó, ta có: \(\frac{2a-b}{c+d}+\frac{2b-c}{a+d}+\frac{2c-d}{a+b}+\frac{2d-a}{b+c}\)
hay \(\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}\)
\(=\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{a}{2a}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}.4=2\)
Ta có:\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{c+d+a}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{c+d+a}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c+d}{a}+1=\frac{c+d+a}{b}+1=\frac{a+b+d}{c}+1=\frac{a+b+c}{d}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Vì a+b+c+d\(\ne\)0=>a=b=c=d
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a+c}{b+d}+\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{a+c}{b+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\left(ĐK:a+b+c+d\ne0\right)\)
Cộng 1 và mỗi đẳng thức. Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)
Vì các tử số của mỗi tỉ số bằng nhau suy ra các mẫu số của mỗi tỉ số bằng nhau
+ Suy ra: \(b+c+d=a+c+d=a+b+d=a+b+c\)
=> a = b = c = d
\(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=1+1+1+1=4\)
Xét a+b+c+d=0=>a+b=-(c+d) ;b+c=-(a+d); c+d=-(a+b);d+a=-(a+c)
=>M=a+b/c+d+b+c/a+d+c+d/a+b+d+a/b+c=-1+(-1)+(-1)+(-1)=-4(*)
Xét a+b+c+d khác 0=>a=b=c=d
=>M=a+b/c+d+b+c/a+d+c+d/a+b+d+a/b+c=1+1+1+1=4
Ta có :
\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=4\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\)
Suy ra :
\(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}+2017\)
\(M=\frac{-\left(c+d\right)}{d+d}+\frac{-\left(d+a\right)}{d+a}+\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+2017\)
\(M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+2017=-4+2017=2013\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=4\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4a\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=4\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4b\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=4\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4c\)\(\left(3\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}=4\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4d\)\(\left(4\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) và (4) suy ra : \(4a=4b=4c=4d\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\)
Suy ra :
\(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}+2017\)
\(M=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{b+b}{b+b}+\frac{c+c}{c+c}+\frac{d+d}{d+d}+2017\)
\(M=1+1+1+1+2017=4+2017=2021\)
Vậy \(M=2013\) hoặc \(M=2021\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{b+c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{b+c+a}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b+c+d}{a}+1=\frac{a+c+d}{b}+1=\frac{a+b+d}{c}+1=\frac{b+c+a}{d}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Xét \(a+b+c+d=0\) ta có :
\(a+b=-c-d;b+c=-a-d;c+d=-a-b;d+a=-b-c\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a+b}{-a-b}+\frac{b+c}{-b-c}+\frac{c+d}{-c-d}+\frac{d+a}{-b-c}=-1-1-1-1=-4\)
Xét \(a+b+c+d\ne0\) ta có : \(a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)
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Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Khí đó:
\(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(M=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}=4\)
Vậy M = 4