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Ta có: \(2x^2+2y^2-x-y-2xy+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)+\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}^2\right)=0\)
Nhận xét \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0;\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\y-\frac{1}{2}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=\frac{1}{2}}\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(29\le y^2+2xy+4x\le y^2+2xy+x^2+4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge25\Rightarrow x+y\ge5\)
Đặt \(P=2x+3y+\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{18}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x+y+\left(x+\dfrac{4}{x}\right)+2\left(y+\dfrac{9}{y}\right)\ge5+2\sqrt{\dfrac{4x}{x}}+2.2\sqrt{\dfrac{9y}{y}}=21\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;3\right)\)
\(4x^2+4x+y^2-6y=24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)=34\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=34=3^2+5^2\)
\(TH1:\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+1\right)^2=3^2\\\left(y-3\right)^2=5^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=8\end{cases}}\)
\(TH2:\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+1\right)^2=5^2\\\left(y-3\right)^2=3^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=6\end{cases}}\)
Vay.....
\(4x^2+4x+y^2-6y=24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+y^2-6y-24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-34=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=34\)
Mà \(34=3^2+5^2=\left(-3\right)^2+\left(-5\right)^2\)
Vì là nghiệm nguyên dương nên:
\(\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=3^2+5^2\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\orbr{\begin{cases}\\\end{cases}}\\\orbr{\begin{cases}\\\end{cases}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+1=3\\y-3=5\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+1=5\\y-3=3\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x=2\\y=8\end{cases}}\) hoặc \(\orbr{\begin{cases}2x=4\\y=6\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=8\end{cases}}\) hoặc \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=6\end{cases}}\)
Vậy các cặp số (x;y) là: (1;8);(2;6)
Ta có:
\(x^2-6x+y^2-10y=27\)
<=> \(x^2-2.y.3+9+y^2-2.y.5+25-9-25=27\)
<=> \(\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-5\right)^2=61\)
<=> \(\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-5\right)^2=5^2+6^2\)
Do x, y nguyên dương
=> x-3 >-3; y-5 >-5
TH1: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-3\right)^2=5^2\\\left(y-5\right)^2=6^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=5\\y-5=6\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=8\\y=11\end{cases}}\)(tm)
TH2: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-3\right)^2=6^2\\\left(y-5\right)^2=5^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=6\\y-5=5\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=9\\y=10\end{cases}}\)(tm)