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Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
Đặt \(P=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\) ; \(Q=\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\)
Ta có : \(P=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)}{abc}\)
Xét tử số của P : \(ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)=ab\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=-ab\left(b-c\right)-ab\left(c-a\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=b\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+a\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)=\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)}{abc}\)
Lại có : \(Q=\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\). Đặt \(a-b=x\); \(b-c=y\); \(c-a=z\)
Suy ra được : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=a-b-b+c=a+c-2b=-3b\\y-z=b-c-c+a=a+b-2c=-3c\\z-x=c-a+b-a=b+c-2a=-3a\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b=-\frac{\left(x-y\right)}{3}\\c=-\frac{\left(y-z\right)}{3}\\a=-\frac{\left(z-x\right)}{3}\end{cases}}}\)
Ta có : \(Q=\frac{-\left(\frac{y-z}{3}\right)}{x}+\frac{-\left(\frac{z-x}{3}\right)}{y}+\frac{-\left(\frac{x-y}{3}\right)}{z}=-\frac{1}{3}.\left(\frac{y-z}{x}+\frac{z-x}{y}+\frac{x-y}{z}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(z-x\right)+yx\left(x-y\right)}{xyz}\right)\)
Đến đây rút gọn tương tự với P được: \(Q=\frac{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)}{3xyz}=\frac{\left(3a\right).\left(-3b\right).\left(3c\right)}{3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\Rightarrow Q=\frac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Vậy : \(PQ=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)}{abc}.\frac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=9\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.
\(\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
$\frac{a+b}{a-b}.\frac{b+c}{b-c}+\frac{a+b}{a-b}.\frac{c+a}{c-a}+\frac{b+c}{b-c}.\frac{c+a}{c-a}$
$=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c-a)+(a+b)(c+a)(b-c)+(b+c)(c+a)(a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}$
$=\frac{[b^2+(ab+bc+ac)](c-a)+[a^2+(ab+bc+ac)](b-c)+[c^2+(ab+bc+ac)](a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}$
$=\frac{b^2(c-a)+a^2(b-c)+c^2(a-b)+(ab+bc+ac)(c-a+b-c+a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}$
$=\frac{b^2(c-a)+a^2(b-c)+c^2(a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}$
$=\frac{(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)-(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)}{-[(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)-(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)]}=-1$
Ta có đpcm.
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=x;\frac{b}{c}=y;\frac{c}{a}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}=1\)
Bất đẳng thức đã cho tương đương với: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{z}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2.\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\left(\forall x;y;z\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)\)
ê cu vô cái link này nè http://olm.vn/hoi-dap/question/94896.html tui vừa chép xong
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\(\frac{a+b}{a-b}.\frac{b+c}{b-c}+\frac{a+c}{c-a}.\frac{b+c}{b-c}+\frac{a+c}{c-a}.\frac{b+a}{a-b}=\frac{a+b}{a-b}.\left(\frac{b+c}{b-c}+\frac{a+c}{c-a}\right)+\frac{a+c}{c-a}.\frac{b+c}{b-c}=\frac{a+b}{a-b}.\frac{2c\left(b-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{a+c}{c-a}.\frac{b+c}{b-c}\)
\(=\frac{2c\left(a+b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{2ac+2bc-ab-ac-bc-c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=-1\)
tick nha công mk đánh máy