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a) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{x+y}{2}\ge\sqrt{xy}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}.\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Cách khác:
\(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)}{4}\ge2xy+\frac{x+y}{4}\)
\(=\frac{4xy+x+4xy+y}{4}=\frac{x\left(4y+1\right)+y\left(4x+1\right)}{4}\)
\(\ge\frac{4x\sqrt{y}+4y\sqrt{x}}{4}=x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{4}+y+\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(x+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{4}}=\sqrt{x}\)
\(y+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{4}}=\sqrt{y}\)
do đó \(VT\ge\frac{1}{2}.2.\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)=x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}\)(đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2^2}\right)\ge\left(2x+\frac{1}{2x}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\ge\frac{4}{17}\left(2x+\frac{1}{2x}\right)^2\)Rồi tương tự các kiểu...
Suy ra \(M\ge\sqrt{\frac{4}{17}}\left[2\left(x+y\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\right]\ge\sqrt{\frac{4}{17}}\left(2.4+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{4}{x+y}\right)=\sqrt{17}\)
"=" <=> x = y = 2
Is that true?