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áp dụng bất đẳng thức: 1+b2>=2b. tương tự.....
ad bđt cauchy: a/b+b/c+c/a>=3∛a/b.b/c.c/a=3
P>=\(\dfrac{2ab}{bc}\)+\(\dfrac{2bc}{ca}\)+\(\dfrac{2ca}{ab}\) =2(\(\dfrac{a}{b}\)+\(\dfrac{b}{c}\)+ \(\dfrac{c}{a}\))>=2.3=6
Pmin khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng bđt : \(1+b^2>=2b\)
bđt cauchy : \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}>3\sqrt[3]{}\) a\b . b\c . c\a = 3
abc=1 nên
\(P=\Sigma\dfrac{abc}{a\left(1+b\right)}=\Sigma\dfrac{bc}{1+b}=\Sigma\left(bc-\dfrac{b^2c}{1+b}\right)\)
Áp dụng Cauchy , cho ông mẫu số sau đó rút gọn rồi dụng tiếp cauchy còn ông ab +bc +ac thì như ở dưới
\(ab+bc+ac\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
từ đấy ta có đpcm thôi
Đề bài hình như bị sai em, thay điểm rơi ko thỏa mãn
Biểu thức là \(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\) mới đúng
Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)
Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)
Nên (1) tương đương:
\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:
\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cám ơn bài giải của thầy Lâm ạ!
Và từ bài bất đăng thức này, đã được chế thành bài toán hình học trong 1 kì thi học sinh giỏi toán cấp tỉnh thầy ạ!
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{c}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\dfrac{a-1}{b+c+1}+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}\right]+1\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{bc+b+c+1}\right]+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left[\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-\dfrac{1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right]+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(1-a\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)-1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right)+1\)
Do \(a;b;c\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\ge0\\\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le1\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left[\dfrac{\left(1-b^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)-1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\right]\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le1\)
\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;0\right);\left(1;1;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right);\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
☘ Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{1+b}=x\text{ và }\dfrac{b}{1+c}=y\text{ và }\dfrac{c}{1+a}=y\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
☘ Ta có:
\(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{y}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)
☘ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\)
☘ Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)