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1:
\(S=-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{10^2}-...-\dfrac{1}{10^{n-1}}\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^0+\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^1+...+\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{n-1}\right]\)
\(u_1=\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^0;q=-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^0+\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^1+...+\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{n-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^0\left(1-\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{n-1}\right)}{-\dfrac{1}{10}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1-\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{n-1}}{-\dfrac{11}{10}}\)
=>\(S=\dfrac{1-\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{n-1}}{\dfrac{11}{10}}\)
2:
\(S=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^0+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^1+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{n-1}\)
\(u_1=1;q=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(S_{n-1}=\dfrac{1\cdot\left(1-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{n-1}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{n-1}\right)\)
\(1,\) Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q=\dfrac{u_2}{u_1}=\dfrac{1}{10}:\left(-1\right)=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\u_1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=-1+\dfrac{1}{10}-\dfrac{1}{10^2}+...+\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n}{10^{n-1}}=\dfrac{-1}{1-\left(-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)}=-\dfrac{10}{11}\)
\(2,\) Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q=\dfrac{u_2}{u_1}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\u_1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{n-1}}=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Tổng đã cho là tổng cấp số nhân lùi vô hạn với \(u_1=1\) ; \(q=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do đó: \(S=\dfrac{u_1}{1-q}=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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a. Dãy là tổng cấp số nhân lùi vô hạn với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\q=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó: \(S=\dfrac{u_1}{1-q}=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{1}{10}}=\dfrac{10}{9}\)
b. Tương tự, tổng cấp số nhân lùi vô hạn với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\q=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) bạn tự ráp công thức
c. \(S=2+S_1\) với \(S_1\) là cấp số nhân lùi vô hạn \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=\dfrac{3}{10}\\q=\dfrac{3}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
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\(S=\dfrac{1}{2018!\left(2019-2018\right)!}+\dfrac{1}{2016!\left(2019-2016\right)!}+...+\dfrac{1}{2!\left(2019-2\right)!}+\dfrac{1}{0!\left(2019-0!\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2019!.S=\dfrac{2019!}{2018!\left(2019-2018\right)!}+\dfrac{2019!}{2016!\left(2019-2016\right)!}+...+\dfrac{2019!}{2!\left(2019-2\right)!}+\dfrac{2019!}{0!\left(2019-0\right)!}\)
\(=C_{2019}^{2018}+C_{2019}^{2016}+...+C_{2019}^2+C_{2019}^0\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(C_{2019}^0+C_{2019}^1+...+C_{2019}^{2018}+C_{2019}^{2019}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.2^{2019}=2^{2018}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{2^{2018}}{2019!}\)
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S = 1 + 0,9 + 0,9^2 + ...+ 0,9^n + ...
S là tổng của csn có u1 = 1, q = 0,9 (có |q| < 1)
S = u1 / (1 - q) = 1 / (1 - 0,9) = 10.
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\(\left(3^n+\frac{1}{3^n}\right)^2=3^{2n}+\frac{1}{3^{2n}}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2n+\left(3^2+3^4+...+3^{2n}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^4}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2n}}\right)\)
\(=2n+\left(9+9^2+...+9^n\right)+\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^n}\right)\)
Ngoặc đầu tiên là tổng CSN có \(u_1=9;q=9\), ngoặc thứ 2 là tổng CSN có \(u_1=\frac{1}{9};q=\frac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2n+\frac{9\left(9^n-1\right)}{8}+\frac{1}{9}.\frac{1-\frac{1}{9^n}}{1-\frac{1}{9}}=2n+\frac{1}{8}.9^{n+1}-\frac{1}{8.9^n}\)
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\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{u_{n+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{u_n}{n}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{1}{3}\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{3}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{n-1}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^n\)
\(S=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=1}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^k=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3^{10}}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3^{10}}\right)\)
Ta có:
lập thành cấp số nhân có:u1 = 1, q = 1/3