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Do \(x,y\inℤ^+\) nên \(x,y\ge1\)
\(2^x+1=3^y\).Dễ thấy \(x\le y\).Đặt \(y=x+m\left(m\ge0\right)\) và \(m=y-x\)
Ta có: \(2^x+1=3^{x+m}\)
+Với \(x=y=1\Rightarrow2^1+1=3^{1+0}\left(TM\right)\)
+Với \(1\le x< y\Rightarrow3\le2^x+1< 2^y+1< 3^y\left(KTM\right)\)
Vậy \(x=y=1\) (p/s: không chắc cho lắm,tui mới học lớp 7 thoy)
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1) Đặt P = (a-1)/a +(b-1)/b+(c-4)/c
Dễ thấy P = 3 - (1/a + 1/b + 4/c)
Áp dụng BĐT Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki :
(1/a + 1/b + 4/c)(a + b + c) <= [căn(1/a).căn a + căn(1/b).căn b + căn(4/c).căn c]^2 = (1 + 1 + 2)^2 = 16
=> 1/a + 1/b + 4/c <= 16/6 = 8/3
Suy ra : P >= 3 - 8/3 = 1/3
Min P = 3 <=> a = b = 3/2 và c = 3
2) Đặt P = (a+1)/[√(a⁴+a+1) -a²] = {(a + 1).[√(a⁴+a+1) + a²]} / (a^4 + a + 1 - a^2) = (a + 1).[√(a⁴+a+1) + a²]/(a + 1) = √(a⁴+a+1) + a² (nhân liên hợp)
Ta có : 4a^2 + a√2 -√2 = 0
=> a^2 = (√2 - a√2)/4 = (1 - a)/(2√2)
=> a^4 = (1 - 2a + a^2)/8
Do đó P = √[(1 - 2a + a^2)/8 + a + 1] + (1 - a)/(2√2) = √[(a^2 + 6a + 9)/8] + (1 - a)/(2√2) = (a + 3)/(2√2) + (1 - a)/(2√2) = √2 (đpcm)
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Bài 3:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)
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1. Ta có : \(\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{bc}\); \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\). Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=9\)
\(9\le3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c = 1
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=7\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=49\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2.\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=49\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=49\)
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W.L.O.G: \(a\ge b\ge c\Rightarrow2\ge a\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=1\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)\le0\)
\(\therefore a^2+b^2+c^2\le a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2=2\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)+5\le5\)
Equality holds when \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\) and ..
Ta có: a2 + b2 > 2ab, b2 + c2 > 2bc, c2 + a2 > 2ca
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2) >= 2(ab + bc + ca)
=>3(a2 + b2 + c2) >= (a + b + c)2
=> a2 + b2 + c2 >= \(\frac{\text{(a + b + c)}^2}{3}\)
=> a2 + b2 + c2 >= 3
Dâu = xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1