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\(\text{x}^2+y^2-\text{x}+4y+5=\left(\text{x}^2-\text{x}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(\text{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge0+0+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\).Dâu"=" xayr ra khi:
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\text{x}-\frac{1}{2}=0\\y+2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\text{x}=\frac{1}{2}\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=\left(x-2\right)^2+4\ge4\)
\(minA=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(B=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+2=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minB=2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(C=3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8=3\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(minC=-8\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)
\(maxD=-4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-6x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{11}{4}=-\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{11}{4}\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(maxA=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(F=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)-\dfrac{55}{8}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{55}{8}\le-\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(maxF=-\dfrac{55}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(G=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(maxG=\dfrac{3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+16=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2+16\le16\)
\(maxH=16\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
D= 5x^2+8xy+5y^2-2x+2y
=4x^2+8xy+4y^2-2x+2y+y^2+x^2
=(2x+2y)^2+x^2-2*1/2x+1/4+y^2+2*1/2y+1/4-1/2
(2x+2y)^2+(x-1/2)^2+(y+1/2)^2-1/2>=-1/2
suy ra D>=-1/2 nên D có GTNN là -1/2
Ta có : 5D = 25x2 + 40xy + 25y2 - 10x + 10y
5D = (5x+ 4y - 1)2 + 9y2 + 18y - 1
5D = ( 5x + 4y - 1)2 + 9 (y + 1)2 - 2
D =\(\frac{1}{5}\). ( 5x + 4y - 1)2 + \(\frac{9}{5}\).( y + 1)2 - \(\frac{2}{5}\) \(\ge\)\(\frac{-2}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi y+1 = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\)y = -1
5x + 4y - 1 = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\)x=1
Vậy GTNN của D = \(\frac{-2}{5}\)khi x = 1 ; y = -1
\(A=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-2\times x\times\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right)=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\right]\)
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\ge-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\right]\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy Max A = \(\frac{1}{4}\) khi x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
***
\(B=5-8x-x^2=-\left(x^2+2\times x\times4+4^2-4^2-5\right)=-\left[\left(x+4\right)^2-21\right]\)
\(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x+4\right)^2-21\ge-21\)
\(-\left[\left(x+4\right)^2-21\right]\le21\)
Vậy Max B = 21 khi x = - 4
***
\(C=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y=-\left(x^2-2\times x\times1+1^2-1^2+\left(2y\right)^2-2\times2y\times1+1^2-1^2-5\right)=-\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2-7\right]\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(2y-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
\(-\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2-7\right]\le7\)
Vậy Max C = 7 khi x = 1 và y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^2+y^2-x+4y+5\)
\(=\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{1}{2};y=-2\)
\(B=2x^2+4y^2+4xy-3x-1\)
\(=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)-\frac{13}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{13}{4}\)
\(\ge-\frac{13}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{3}{2};y=-\frac{3}{4}\)