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1) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{1999}+3^{2000}\)
\(3B=3\cdot\left(1+3+3^2+...+3^{2000}\right)\)
\(3B=3+3^2+...+3^{2001}\)
\(3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2001}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{2000}\)
\(2B=3^{2001}-1\)
\(B=\dfrac{3^{2001}-1}{2}\)
2) \(C=1+4+4^2+...+4^{100}\)
\(4C=4\cdot\left(1+4+4^2+...+4^{100}\right)\)
\(4C=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{101}\)
\(4C-C=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{201}-1-4-4^2-....-4^{100}\)
\(3C=4^{101}-1\)
\(C=\dfrac{4^{101}-1}{3}\)
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\(A=\dfrac{1999^{1999}+1}{1999^{1998}+1}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1999}A=\dfrac{1999^{1999}+1}{1999^{1999}+1999}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1999}A=\dfrac{1999^{1999}}{1999^{1999}}-\dfrac{1998}{1999^{1999}+1999}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1999}A=1-\dfrac{1998}{1999^{1999}+1999}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1999^{2000}+1}{1999^{1999}+1}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1999}B=\dfrac{1999^{2000}+1}{1999^{2000}+1999}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1999}B=\dfrac{1999^{2000}}{1999^{2000}}-\dfrac{1998}{1999^{2000}+1999}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1999}B=1-\dfrac{1998}{1999^{2000}+1999}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1998}{1999^{1999}+1999}>\dfrac{1998}{1999^{2000}+1999}=>\dfrac{1}{1999}A< \dfrac{1}{1999}B=>A< B\)
\(A=\dfrac{1999^{1999}+1}{1999^{1998}+1}=\dfrac{\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)^2}{\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(1999^{1999}\right)^2+2.1999^{1999}+1}{\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)}\left(1\right)\)
\(B=\dfrac{1999^{2000}+1}{1999^{1999}+1}=\dfrac{\left(1999^{2000}+1\right)\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)}{\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{\left(1999.1999^{1999}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1999}.1999^{1999}+1\right)}{\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{\left(1999^{1999}\right)^2+1999.1999^{1999}+\dfrac{1}{1999}.1999^{1999}+1}{\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{\left(1999^{1999}\right)^2+\left(1999+\dfrac{1}{1999}\right).1999^{1999}+1}{\left(1999^{1998}+1\right)\left(1999^{1999}+1\right)}\left(2\right)\)
mà \(\left(1999+\dfrac{1}{1999}\right)>2\)
\(\left(1\right).\left(2\right)\Rightarrow A< B\)
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ta có:
1/10.A=10100+1/10(1099+1)
1/10.A=10100+1/10100+10
1/10.A=1-(9/10100+10)
1/10.B=10101+1/10(10100+1)
1/10.B=10101+1/10101+10
1/10.B=1-(9/10101+10)
vì(10101+10)>(10100+1)=> 9/10101+10 < 9/10100+10 => 1-(9/10101+10) > 1-(9/10100+10)
hay 1/10.A>1/10.B
=>A>B
ta có:
1/10.A=10100+1/10(1099+1)
1/10.A=10100+1/10100+10
1/10.A=1-(9/10100+10)
1/10.B=10101+1/10(10100+1)
1/10.B=10101+1/10101+10
1/10.B=1-(9/10101+10)
vì(10101+10)>(10100+1)=> 9/10101+10 < 9/10100+10 => 1-(9/10101+10) < 1-(9/10100+10)
hay 1/10.A<1/10.B
=>A<B
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\(10A=\dfrac{10^{2023}+10}{10^{2023}+1}=1+\dfrac{9}{10^{2023}+1}\)
\(10B=\dfrac{10^{2022}+10}{10^{2022}+1}=1+\dfrac{9}{10^{2022}+1}\)
2023>2022
=>10^2023+1>10^2022+1
=>10A<10B
=>A<B
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A=1/2+1/22+1/23+...+1/22020+1/22021 > B=1/3+1/4+1/5+13/60
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\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2022}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+...+2^{2023}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A-A=2^{2023}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2^{2023}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 2^{2023}=2^2.2^{2021}=4.2^{2021}< 5^{2021}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< B\)
\(B=\frac{7^{2018}+1}{7^{2019}+1}< \frac{7^{2018}+1+6}{7^{2019}+1+6}=\frac{7^{2018}+7}{7^{2019}+7}=\frac{7\left(7^{2017}+1\right)}{7\left(7^{2018}+1\right)}=\frac{2^{2017}+1}{7^{2018}+1}\)
\(B-A=7^{2018}-7^{2017}+\left(\frac{1}{7}\right)^{2019}-\left(\frac{1}{7}\right)^{2018}+1-1\)
\(=7^{2017}\left(7-1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{7}\right)^{2018}\left(\frac{1}{7}-1\right)\)
\(=6\left(7^{2017}\right)-\frac{6}{7}\left(\frac{1}{7}\right)^{2018}\)
\(=6\left(7^{2017}-\frac{1}{7^{2019}}\right)>0\)
Vậy B > A