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n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)
n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
bđ 0,1............0,5
pư 0,1............0,3..................0,1
spu 0 ................0,2................0,1
=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O
m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)
m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)
m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)
% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)
% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)
a. \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
0,1 0,6 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
b.
PTHH : 3O2 + 4Al -> 2Al2O3
0,15 0,1 ( mol)
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
a. \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Al2O3 + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
0,1 0,3 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{HCl}=0,3.36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
b.
PTHH : 3O2 + 4Al -> 2Al2O3
0,15 0,1 ( mol)
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{40}{80}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:CuO+2HCl\to CuCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuCl_2}=n_{CuO}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuCl_2}=0,5.135=67,5(g)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{6}\), ta được Al dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}.133,6=8,9\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{50,4}{56}=0,9(mol)\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,3.232=69,6(g)\\ c,PTHH:Fe_3O_4+8HCl\xrightarrow{t^o}FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{FeCl_2}=0,3(mol);n_{FeCl_3}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\text {muối}}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{FeCl_3}=0,3.127+0,6.162,5=135,6(g)\)
a)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2----------->0,2----->0,3
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,3<----------------0,3
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2--------------->0,2------->0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
c, PTHH:
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
0,2<------------------0,2
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{AlCl_3}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)