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a: =(x+y)^3+z^3-3xy(x+y)-3xyz
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz\right)\)
b: \(=\left(x+y+y-z\right)^3-3\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x+y+y-z\right)+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3-3\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
c: \(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+3\left(x^2+x\right)+2-12\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+3\left(x^2+x\right)-10\)
=(x^2+x+5)(x^2+x-2)
=(x^2+x+5)(x+2)(x-1)
d: =b^2c+bc^2+ac^2-a^2c-a^2b-ab^2
=b^2c-b^2a+bc^2-a^2b+ac^2-a^2c
=b^2(c-a)+b(c^2-a^2)+ac(c-a)
=(c-a)(b^2+ac)+b(c-a)(c+a)
=(c-a)(b^2+ac+bc+ba)
=(c-a)[b^2+bc+ac+ab]
=(c-a)[b(b+c)+a(b+c)]
=(c-a)(b+c)(b+a)
b) Ta có: \(x^3-x^2y-xy^2+y^3\)
\(=\left(x^3+y^3\right)-\left(x^2y+xy^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)-xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2\)
1 ) \(x^2-x-y^2-y=\left(x^2-y^2\right)+\left(-x-y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)
2 ) \(x^2-2xy+y^2-z^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-z^2=\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
3 ) \(5x-5y+ax-ay=5.\left(x-y\right)+a\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(5+a\right)\)
4 ) \(a^3-a^2x-ay+xy=a^2.\left(a-x\right)-y.\left(a-x\right)=\left(a-x\right)\left(a^2-y\right)\)
5 ) \(xy.\left(x+y\right)+yz.\left(y+z\right)+xz.\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\)
\(=xy.\left(x+y\right)+y^2z+yz^2+x^2z+xz^2+xyz+xyz\)
\(=xy.\left(x+y\right)+\left(y^2z+xyz\right)+\left(yz^2+xz^2\right)+\left(x^2z+xyz\right)\)
\(=xy.\left(x+y\right)+yz.\left(x+y\right)+z^2.\left(x+y\right)+xz.\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+yz+z^2+xz\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(xy+xz\right)+\left(yz+z^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left[x.\left(y+z\right)+z.\left(y+z\right)\right]=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=a^2+b\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=\dfrac{a^2+b}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=c\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b\right)c}{2}\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)+3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\right)+3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=a\left(b-\dfrac{a^2+b}{2}\right)+3\dfrac{\left(a^2+b\right)c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=a\dfrac{\left(b-a^2\right)}{2}+3\dfrac{\left(a^2+b\right)c}{2}\)
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y\right)+3xyz\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-zy+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-zy+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)(đpcm)
1) \(4x^2-7x-2=4x^2-8x+x-2=\left(4x^2-8x\right)+\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=4x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(4x+1\right)\)
2) \(4x^2+5x-6=4x^2+8x-3x-6=\left(4x^2+8x\right)-\left(3x+6\right)\)
\(=4x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(4x-3\right)\)
3) \(5x^2-18x-8=5x^2-20x+2x-8=\left(5x^2-20x\right)+\left(2x-8\right)\)
\(=5x\left(x-4\right)+2\left(x-4\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(5x+2\right)\)
4) \(xy\left(x+y\right)-yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)-y^2z-yz^2+x^2z-xz^2\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(x^2z-y^2z\right)-\left(yz^2+xz^2\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)-z^2.\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-z^2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(zx-zy\right)\left(x+y\right)-z^2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+xz-yz-z^2\right)=\left(x+y\right).\left[x\left(y+z\right)-z\left(y+z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
1) 4x2 - 7x - 2 = 4x2 - 8x + x - 2 = 4x( x - 2 ) + ( x - 2 ) = ( x - 2 )( 4x + 1 )
2) 4x2 + 5x - 6 = 4x2 - 8x + 3x - 6 = 4x( x - 2 ) + 3( x - 2 ) = ( x - 2 )( 4x + 3 )
3) 5x2 - 18x - 8 = 5x2 - 20x + 2x - 8 = 5x( x - 4 ) + 2( x - 4 ) = ( x - 4 )( 5x + 2 )
4) xy( x + y ) - yz( y + z ) + xz( x - z )
= x2y + xy2 - y2z - yz2 + xz( x - z )
= ( x2y - yz2 ) + ( xy2 - y2z ) + xz( x - z )
= y( x2 - z2 ) + y2( x - z ) + xz( x - z )
= y( x - z )( x + z ) + y2( x - z ) + xz( x - z )
= ( x - z )[ y( x + z ) + y2 + xz ]
= ( x - z )( xy + yz + y2 + xz )
= ( x - z )[ ( xy + y2 ) + ( xz + yz ) ]
= ( x - z )[ y( x + y ) + z( x + y ) ]
= ( x - z )( x + y )( y + z )
5) xy( x + y ) + yz + xz( x + z ) + 2xyz ( đề có thiếu không vậy .-. )
Ta có: ( x - y) z3 + ( y - z ) x3 + ( z - x ) y3
= ( x - y ) z3 + ( y - z )x3 + ( z - y)y3 + ( y - x ) y3
= ( x - y ) ( z3 - y3 ) + ( y - z ) ( x3 - y3)
= ( x - y ) ( z - y ) ( z2 + zy + y2 ) + ( y - z ) ( x - y) ( x2 + xy + y2 )
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( x2 + xy + y2 - z2 - zy - y2)
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) [ ( x2 - z2) + ( xy - zy) ]
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) [ ( x - z ) ( x + z ) + y ( x - z ) ]
= ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( x - z ) ( x + y + z )
a)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]+3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-yz-zx+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)