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One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the words "More!"
The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.
"Oh, yes. That´s one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a "language", in the real sense of the word? Scientist don´t agree on this.
1/ The dolphin leapt into the air because
A. Sagan was too near the water
B. it was part of the game they were playing.
C. he wanted Sagan to scratch him again
D. Sagan wanted to communicate with him
2/ "Dolphins" brains are particularly well developed to
A. help them to travle fast in water
B. arrange sounds in different structures
C. respond to different kinds of sound
D. communicate with humans through sound
B. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space.
1. The first inhabitants of Iceland were a group of _Norwegian_ families who settled on the island in AD 874. NORWAY
2. There was disagreement about whether the country needs to maintain a _deterence_. DETER
3. Hundreds of _ evacuees_ from the war zone have arrived in the city and we are trying to find homes for them. EVACUATE
4. _Bedridden patients are often given exercises to help prevent their muscles from becoming stiff. BED
5. It was this passion for fast cars that led to his _untimely_ death at the age of 33. TIME
6. Every effort is made to _rectify_ any errors before the book is printed. RIGHT
7. In a recent opinion poll, a majority of _respondents__ were against nuclear weapons. RESPONSE
8. Her mouth is _seductively__ lipsticked and her eyes are wide open with anticipation. SEDUCE
9. The script has a refreshing _spontaneity_ and sparkle. SPONTANEOUS
10. It’s better to be an _omnivore_ and eat a variety of plant and animals in case there is a shortage of one particular kind of food.
Give correct forms of the words in parentheses
1 Solar energy , wind power and water power are ..alternative.. sources of energy ( alternate)
2 the internet is used for many purposes : ecucation , communication entertainment and ..commerce.. ( Commercial)
4 in Western countries , electricity , gas and water are not luxuries but ..necessities.. ( Necessary)
5 some designs have mordernized the Ao Dai , the traditional dress of Vietnamese women , by printing lines of .poetry..on them ( poetic)
6 the University has .authorized.. the use of dictionaries during the language examination ( author)
7 it was very difficult to find Mrs Burton's shop , it was .indistinguishable.. from all others in the street ( distinguish)
8 he is very generous . Everyone admires his ( selfish) unselfishness
9 ..Leadership.. Skill is one of skill that can grant you the opportunity to get a good job ( lead )
20..COnservationists. are alarmed by the rate at which tropical rainforests are being destroyed ( conserve)
Give correct forms of the words in parentheses
1 Solar energy , wind power and water power are .... sources of energy ( alternative)
2 the internet is used for many purposes : ecucation , communication entertainment and .... ( commercials)
4 in Western countries , electricity , gas and water are not luxuries but .... ( Necessities)
5 some designs have mordernized the Ao Dai , the traditional dress of Vietnamese women , by printing lines of ...on them ( poetry )
6 the University has ... the use of dictionaries during the language examination ( authorized )
7 it was very difficult to find Mrs Burton's shop , it was ... from all others in the street ( undistinguishable )
8 he is very generous . Everyone admires his ( unselfishness)
9 .... Skill is one of skill that can grant you the opportunity to get a good job ( leadership )
20... are alarmed by the rate at which tropical rainforests are being destroyed ( conservations)
Giup voi a
Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.
B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.
C These messages could be sent very quickly.
D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.
E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.
F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.
War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.
Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.
The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )
Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.
Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.
Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( B) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.
Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.
B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.
C These messages could be sent very quickly.
D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.
E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.
F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.
War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.
Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.
The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )
Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.
Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.
Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 (B ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.
I/ Đọc đoạn văn và trả lời câu hỏi :
Paragraph 1 :
Thomas Edison was born on February 11th, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. When he was at school, his teacher considered him to be a slow student. Because of hearing problems, Edison had difficulty following the lessons. But with only three months of formal education he became one of the greatest inventors and industrial leaders in history. Edison's most famous invention was the electric light bulb. He also invented the phonograph, and made improvements to the telegraph, telephone and motion picture technology.
Edison had a special life. He married twice with five children. He loved books, had excellent memory, and always showed curiosity about science. Although he had hearing problems, he refused to have an operation for his deafness. He said that silence helped him concentrate. He always worked very hard and often had only four hours of sleep every day. He used to say, "Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration”. When he died on October 18th, 1931, he was still working on new ideas.
1. When was Thomas Edison born?
He was born _______on February 11th, 1847_______in Milan, Ohio.
2. Why did he have difficulty in following the lessons?
Because he had______heard_____problems.
3. What was Edison's most famous invention?
=> Edison's most famous invention was the electric light bulb.
4. What did he say about silence?
=> He said that silence helped him concentrate.
Paragraph 2 :
We went to Doi Tam, a village famous its drum making techniques, in Ha Nam Province last month. The craft was first introduced to the village sometime in the 8th or 9th century. Today there are more than six hundred drum makers living in Doi Tam village. I was amazed to see big drums in front of every house in the village.
People say that it takes four workers three days to make a drum with a diameter of 1.5 metres. To make a drum, the craftsmen have to carefully an eight stage process. Stretching the drumhead is the most challenging stage because they have to carefully assess the sound it makes. The other steps' do not require such high skills.
Nowadays, Doi Tam drums are not only famous in Viet Nam but are also sold to other countries such as Laos, Cambodia, Japan, and the USA.
1. Where is Doi Tam drum-making village?
->It's in Ha Nam Province
2. When was the craft first introduced to the village?
-> It was first introduced to the village in the 8th or 9th century.
3. How long does it take four workers to make a drum with a diameter 1.5 metres ?
=> it takes four workers three days to make a drum with a diameter of 1.5 metres.
4. Where do the craftsmen put drums in the village ?
=> in front of every house in the village.
Paragraph 3 :
Venice is a beautiful city in northeastern Italy. It is called ‘The Floating City’ as it is built on 117 small islands. This city has no roads. Instead, people use boats to travel along the canals. Flat-bottomed boats were once the main means of transport, but today motor boats are more popular. In Venice, you can visit the famous Piazza San Marco with its world famous basilica, the lovely bridges over the narrow canals, and some of the best museums in Western Europe.
Los Angeles is the most populous city in California, and the second most populous city in the USA. It is a global city, a centre of business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, and fashion. The Los Angeles area includes Hollywood, and leads the world in the creation of television productions, video games, and recorded music. The weather here is usually dry and warm. Visitors like to go to the film studios and to drive along Hollywood Boulevard. There are also some good beaches near the city, such as Venice Beach.
1. Why is Venice called "The Floating City"?
->Because it is built on________117 small islands_______
2. How do people travel along the canals in Venice?
->They trayel along the canals by _______boats________
3. What's the weather like in Los Angeles?
-> _______________The weather here is usually dry and warm._____________
4. Which city is famous for its entertainment industry, Venice or Los Angeles?
-> __________Los Angeles is famous for its entertainment industry__________________
Paragraph 4 :
One of the main sources for the spreading of news and events throughout the world is the newspaper. The purpose of newspapers is to inform the public of political, social, economic and entertainment happenings, among other things. Generally, there are three types of newspapers: daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, and special-interest newspapers. Daily newspapers are published at least one edition every weekday. Most dailies also have a weekend edition. Daily newspapers often have sections for news, sports, arts and entertainment, business, and classified advertising. Weekly newspapers are printed once a week and cover news of interest to readers in a smaller area than that of a daily paper. They focus on .local happenings rather than national or international events. Special-interest newspapers may be published daily, weekly, monthly, or even less frequently. They generally disseminate news of interest to a particular group of readers or feature news about a specific topic.
Thanks to the development of the Internet, we can now get access to electronic newspapers. To some extent, e-newspapers are cheap, up-to-date, and convenient for most readers in the world.
1. How many types of newspapers are there in general?
-> There are........three.........types of newspapers in general.
2. How often do daily newspapers publish?
> They publish at least......one edition .....every weekday.
3. What do weekly newspapers cover?
->________Weekly newspapers cover news of interest to readers in a smaller area than that of a daily paper. ______
4. What can we do now with the development of the Internet?
->_______________we can now get access to electronic newspapers._____________
Paragraph 5
It is estimated that about 200 million people who use the Internet computer network around the world. The Internet allows people to work at home instead of traveling to work. The Internet allows businesses to communicate with customers and workers in any part of the world for the cost of a local telephone call. E.mail allows users to send documents, pictures and other data from one part of the world to another in at least 5 minutes. People can use the Internet to do shopping. This save a lot of time. It is possible to use the Internet for education – students may connect with their teachers from home to send or receive e.mail or talk their problems through ‘on-line’ rather than attend a class.
1. What's the number of people using the Internet computer network around the world ?
-> It is about............ 200 million people who use the Internet computer network around the world................
2. What does the Internet allow businesses to do?
->It allows them to communicate with........customers and workers . ..........in many parts of the world
3. What does email allow users to do?
->....................E.mail allows users to send documents, pictures and other data from one part of the world to another in at least 5 minutes.....................
4. How can the Internet be used for education?
-> ...................It is possible to use the Internet for education – students may connect with their teachers from home to send or receive e.mail or talk their problems through ‘on-line’ rather than attend a class.....................
I/ Đọc đoạn văn và trả lời câu hỏi :
Paragraph 1 :
Thomas Edison was born on February 11th, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. When he was at school, his teacher considered him to be a slow student. Because of hearing problems, Edison had difficulty following the lessons. But with only three months of formal education he became one of the greatest inventors and industrial leaders in history. Edison's most famous invention was the electric light bulb. He also invented the phonograph, and made improvements to the telegraph, telephone and motion picture technology.
Edison had a special life. He married twice with five children. He loved books, had excellent memory, and always showed curiosity about science. Although he had hearing problems, he refused to have an operation for his deafness. He said that silence helped him concentrate. He always worked very hard and often had only four hours of sleep every day. He used to say, "Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration”. When he died on October 18th, 1931, he was still working on new ideas.
1. When was Thomas Edison born?
He was born __on February 11th, 1847____________in Milan, Ohio.
2. Why did he have difficulty in following the lessons?
Because he had___to hear________problems.
3. What was Edison's most famous invention?
=>Edison's most famous invention was the electric light bulb
4. What did he say about silence?
=>He said that silence helped him concentrate
Paragraph 2 :
We went to Doi Tam, a village famous its drum making techniques, in Ha Nam Province last month. The craft was first introduced to the village sometime in the 8th or 9th century. Today there are more than six hundred drum makers living in Doi Tam village. I was amazed to see big drums in front of every house in the village.
People say that it takes four workers three days to make a drum with a diameter of 1.5 metres. To make a drum, the craftsmen have to carefully an eight stage process. Stretching the drumhead is the most challenging stage because they have to carefully assess the sound it makes. The other steps' do not require such high skills.
Nowadays, Doi Tam drums are not only famous in Viet Nam but are also sold to other countries such as Laos, Cambodia, Japan, and the USA.
1. Where is Doi Tam drum-making village?
->It's in Ha Nam Province
2. When was the craft first introduced to the village?
-> It was first introduced to the village in the 8th or 9th century.
3. How long does it take four workers to make a drum with a diameter 1.5 metres ?
=> three days
4. Where do the craftsmen put drums in the village ?
=>in front of every house in the village.
Paragraph 3 :
Venice is a beautiful city in northeastern Italy. It is called ‘The Floating City’ as it is built on 117 small islands. This city has no roads. Instead, people use boats to travel along the canals. Flat-bottomed boats were once the main means of transport, but today motor boats are more popular. In Venice, you can visit the famous Piazza San Marco with its world famous basilica, the lovely bridges over the narrow canals, and some of the best museums in Western Europe.
Los Angeles is the most populous city in California, and the second most populous city in the USA. It is a global city, a centre of business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, and fashion. The Los Angeles area includes Hollywood, and leads the world in the creation of television productions, video games, and recorded music. The weather here is usually dry and warm. Visitors like to go to the film studios and to drive along Hollywood Boulevard. There are also some good beaches near the city, such as Venice Beach.
1. Why is Venice called "The Floating City"?
->Because it is built on__on 117 small islands_____________
2. How do people travel along the canals in Venice?
->They trayel along the canals by _using boats______________
3. What's the weather like in Los Angeles?
-> _____The weather here is usually dry and warm_______________________
4. Which city is famous for its entertainment industry, Venice or Los Angeles?
-> ____________Los Angeles________________
Paragraph 4 :
One of the main sources for the spreading of news and events throughout the world is the newspaper. The purpose of newspapers is to inform the public of political, social, economic and entertainment happenings, among other things. Generally, there are three types of newspapers: daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, and special-interest newspapers. Daily newspapers are published at least one edition every weekday. Most dailies also have a weekend edition. Daily newspapers often have sections for news, sports, arts and entertainment, business, and classified advertising. Weekly newspapers are printed once a week and cover news of interest to readers in a smaller area than that of a daily paper. They focus on .local happenings rather than national or international events. Special-interest newspapers may be published daily, weekly, monthly, or even less frequently. They generally disseminate news of interest to a particular group of readers or feature news about a specific topic.
Thanks to the development of the Internet, we can now get access to electronic newspapers. To some extent, e-newspapers are cheap, up-to-date, and convenient for most readers in the world.
1. How many types of newspapers are there in general?
-> There are........three.........types of newspapers in general.
2. How often do daily newspapers publish?
> They publish at least.....one edition ......every weekday.
3. What do weekly newspapers cover?
->______Weekly newspapers cover news of interest to readers in a smaller area __
4. What can we do now with the development of the Internet?
->________ we can now get access to electronic newspapers.____________________
Paragraph 5
It is estimated that about 200 million people who use the Internet computer network around the world. The Internet allows people to work at home instead of traveling to work. The Internet allows businesses to communicate with customers and workers in any part of the world for the cost of a local telephone call. E.mail allows users to send documents, pictures and other data from one part of the world to another in at least 5 minutes. People can use the Internet to do shopping. This save a lot of time. It is possible to use the Internet for education – students may connect with their teachers from home to send or receive e.mail or talk their problems through ‘on-line’ rather than attend a class.
1. What's the number of people using the Internet computer network around the world ?
-> It is about..... 200 million people......................
2. What does the Internet allow businesses to do?
->It allows them to communicate with.....customers and workers ..........in many parts of the world
3. What does email allow users to do?
->............ E.mail allows users to send documents, pictures and other data from one part of the world to another
4. How can the Internet be used for education?
-> .............. students may connect with their teachers from home to send or receive e.mail or talk their problems through ‘on-line’ rather than attend a class..........................
Fill in the blanks using who, which or where.
Egypt, 1) which is situated in north-east Africa, is a country 2) ....where... you can find many interesting things. In ancient times the Pharaohs, 3) ...who.... were regarded as gods, were buried in the pyramids. These are huge stone structures 4) ....which... took hundreds of years to build. The workers 5) ....who.... started to build them never saw them finished. Each pyramid contains many rooms, the most important of 6) .....which... is the burial chamber, 7) ....where... the body of the Pharaoh was kept. It is said that anyone 8) ...who.... enters this room will have bad luck for the rest of his life. But the great Pyramids are not the only things 9) ...which.... attract people to Egypt. The Sphinx, 10) ....where... is situated near the Pyramid of Khafre, is a huge dog-like statue. It was meant to guard the tombs from anyone 11) ....who... may have tried to rob them.
70. subtitle (phụ đề)
71. misinformed (bị thông báo sai về...)
72. captivity (in captivity: bị nuôi nhốt)
73. impairment (visual impairment: suy giảm thị lực)
74. skilful / skillful (theo mình tìm hiểu thì 2 từ này khác "skilled" ở chỗ "skilled" có nghĩa là có nhiều kinh nghiệm, tập luyện và thường chỉ những người lao động chân tay; trong khi "skillful / skilful" dùng để chỉ chuyên gia ở một công việc nào đó mà không nhấn mạnh quá trình tích lũy và luyện tập của người đó)
75. incommunicado (be held incommunicado: bị cấm giao tiếp với người khác)
76. attractiveness (sự cuốn hút)
77. requisitioned (bị ra lệnh làm gì)
78. inestimatable (ko thể tính được)