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Câu 1:
\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=3\)(1)
Trường hợp 1: x<1
(1) trở thành 1-x+2-x=3
=>3-2x=3
=>x=0(nhận)
Trường hợp 2: 1<=x<2
(1) trở thành x-1+2-x=3
=>1=3(loại)
Trường hợp 3: x>=2
(1) trở thành x-1+x-2=3
=>2x-3=3
=>2x=6
hay x=3(nhận)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x^2-x+1=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\1-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}\ge0\\\sqrt{x^2+x-6}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) với mọi x thuộc TXĐ
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}+\sqrt{x^2+x-6}\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=0\\x^2+x-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) (thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ)
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=2\)
c.
Với \(x< 1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1< 0\\\sqrt{x^4-2x^2+1}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) phương trình vô nghiệm
Với \(x\ge1\) pt tương đương:
\(\sqrt{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x^2-1\right|=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=x-1\) (do \(x\ge1\Rightarrow x^2-1\ge0\Rightarrow\left|x^2-1\right|=x-1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0< 1\left(loại\right)\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
1) \(-2x^2+x+1-2\sqrt[]{x^2+x+1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt[]{x^2+x+1}=-2x^2+x+1\left(1\right)\)
Ta có :
\(2\sqrt[]{x^2+x+1}=2\sqrt[]{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}\ge\sqrt[]{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+x+1=\sqrt[]{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x+\sqrt[]{3}-1=0\)
\(\Delta=1-8\left(\sqrt[]{3}-1\right)=9-8\sqrt[]{3}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt[]{9-8\sqrt[]{3}}}{4}\left(loại\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt[]{9-8\sqrt[]{3}}}{4}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(vì.x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Vậy phương trình cho vô nghiệm
Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
a: \(x^3+8x=5x^2+4\)
=>\(x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)
=>\(x^3-x^2-4x^2+4x+4x-4=0\)
=>\(x^2\left(x-1\right)-4x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2: \(x^3+3x^2=x+6\)
=>\(x^3+3x^2-x-6=0\)
=>\(x^3+2x^2+x^2+2x-3x-6=0\)
=>\(x^2\cdot\left(x+2\right)+x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x^2+x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3: ĐKXĐ: x>=0
\(2x+3\sqrt{x}=1\)
=>\(2x+3\sqrt{x}-1=0\)
=>\(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{17}{16}=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{17}{16}\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\\\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{17}-3}{4}\left(nhận\right)\\\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{17}-3}{4}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(x=\dfrac{13-3\sqrt{17}}{8}\left(nhận\right)\)
4: \(x^4+4x^2+1=3x^3+3x\)
=>\(x^4-3x^3+4x^2-3x+1=0\)
=>\(x^4-x^3-2x^3+2x^2+2x^2-2x-x+1=0\)
=>\(x^3\left(x-1\right)-2x^2\left(x-1\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-2x^2+2x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-x^2-x^2+x+x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)
=>(x-1)^2=0
=>x-1=0
=>x=1
a.
\(x^3+8x=5x^2+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-4x^2+4x\right)-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(x^3+3x^2-x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+x^2-3x\right)+\left(2x^2+2x-6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2+x-3\right)+2\left(x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{-1\pm\sqrt{13}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
x4−3x3−2x2+6x+4=0x4−3x3−2x2+6x+4=0
⇔x4−2x3−2x2−x3+2x2+2x−2x2+4x+4=0⇔x4−2x3−2x2−x3+2x2+2x−2x2+4x+4=0
⇔x2(x2−2x−2)−x(x2−2x−2)−2(x2−2x−2)=0⇔x2(x2−2x−2)−x(x2−2x−2)−2(x2−2x−2)=0
⇔(x2−x−2)(x2−2x−2)=0⇔(x2−x−2)(x2−2x−2)=0
⇔(x+1)(x−2)(x−1−√3)(x−1+√3)=0⇔(x+1)(x−2)(x−1−3)(x−1+3)=0
⇔⎡⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢⎣x=−1x=2x=1+√3x=1−√3
tl
x4−3x3−2x2+6x+4=0x4−3x3−2x2+6x+4=0
⇔x4−2x3−2x2−x3+2x2+2x−2x2+4x+4=0⇔x4−2x3−2x2−x3+2x2+2x−2x2+4x+4=0
⇔x2(x2−2x−2)−x(x2−2x−2)−2(x2−2x−2)=0⇔x2(x2−2x−2)−x(x2−2x−2)−2(x2−2x−2)=0
⇔(x2−x−2)(x2−2x−2)=0⇔(x2−x−2)(x2−2x−2)=0
⇔(x+1)(x−2)(x−1−√3)(x−1+√3)=0⇔(x+1)(x−2)(x−1−3)(x−1+3)=0
⇔⎡⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢⎣x=−1x=2x=1+√3x=1−√3
^HT^
