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Để dễ nhìn, đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(VT=\frac{xy}{z^2+2xy}+\frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+2xz}\)
\(2VT=\frac{2xy}{z^2+2xy}+\frac{2yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{2zx}{y^2+2xz}=1-\frac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}+1-\frac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}+1-\frac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}\)
\(2VT=3-\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}\right)\)
\(2VT\le3-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+2yz+y^2+2xz+z^2+2xy}=3-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ca}\ge\sqrt{3}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có ab+bc+ca=abc nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{a^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ Oxy, với các Vecto
\(\overrightarrow{u}=\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{\sqrt{2}}{b}\right);\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|=\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}}\)
\(\overrightarrow{v}=\left(\frac{1}{b};\frac{\sqrt{2}}{c}\right)\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|=\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}}\)
\(\overrightarrow{w}=\left(\frac{1}{c};\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a}\right)\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|=\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{a^2}}\)
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c};2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right)=\left(1;\sqrt{2}\right)\)
=> \(\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|=\sqrt{1+2}=\sqrt{3}\)
Mặt khác \(\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|\ge\left|\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Để ý, ta thấy: \(ab+bc+ca-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}{6}\le0\)
do đó từ giả thiết, ta suy ra \(ab+bc+ca\le3\). Như vậy:
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^3+3}}\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM . Ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Thiết lập hai BĐT tương tự và cộng lại, ta suy ra dãy đánh giá sau:
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\right]\)
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Từ đó với lưu ý: a + b + c = 3 . Ta suy ra ĐPCM
Ta luôn có :
\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\ge\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế :
\(\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{ac}}\right)\)
\(\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{ac}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{c}}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Đặt \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}=x,\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}=y,\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\)=z
Thay vào ta có:\(\sqrt{2}\)(x+y+x)\(\le\)\(\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\sqrt{x^2+z^2}+\sqrt{\left(y^2+z^2\right)}\)
Ta có bất đẳng thức sau A: (m2+n2)(p2+q2)\(\ge\)(mp+nq)2 dễ dàng chứng mình bằng cách khai triển
áp dụng bdt A với m=x,n=z,p=\(\sqrt{2}\).q=\(\sqrt{2}\) ta được
\(\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+z^2\right)\left(\sqrt{2}^2+\sqrt{2}^2\right)}{4}}\ge\sqrt{\left(x\sqrt{2}+z\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)/2=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự với cái phần tử còn lại ta được điều cần cm
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;c^2+a^2\ge2ca.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{3^2}{3}=3\)
Khi đó \(c^2+3\ge c^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c^2+3}\ge\sqrt{b+c}\sqrt{a+c}\)
\(a^2+3\ge a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2+c}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)}\sqrt{a+c}\)
\(b^2+3\ge b^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b^2+3}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{b+c}\sqrt{a+c}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a+c}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{b+c}}\)*
áp dụng bđt Cauchy ngược dấu
\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+b}}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+c}}\le\frac{\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a+c}}\le\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2bc}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a+c}}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự \(\frac{2ab}{\sqrt{a+c}\sqrt{b+c}}\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{2ca}{\sqrt{b+c}\sqrt{a+b}}\le\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\)
Kết hợp với * ta có
\(\frac{2ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{2bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{2ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\right)=\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}.\)
nhầm xíu dòng thứ 2 từ dưới lên
\(2\left(...\right)\ge\frac{ab}{..}...\)=...
Ta có: \(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b}}\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+\left(a+b+c\right)a}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+\left(a+b+c\right)b}}\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)}.\frac{ab}{\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b+a}.\frac{bc}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c+b}.\frac{ca}{a+b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{ca}{c+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\right)=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=1\)
Vậy Max P=1 khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(P=\Sigma\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\Sigma\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\Sigma\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}.\Sigma\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\) \(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
\(P=\sqrt{x^2+2y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+2z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+2x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(3x+3y+3z\right)\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=c=3\)
1. ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}=t\ge\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2=8x+9+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=\frac{t^2-9}{4}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(\frac{t^2-9}{4}+3=t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-4t+3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\left(l\right)\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=t^2-\left(8x+9\right)=-8x\) (\(x\le0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+9x+2=4x^2\Rightarrow x=-\frac{2}{9}\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\Rightarrow3\ge a+b+c\)
Do \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\)
Nên BĐT sẽ được chứng minh nếu ta chỉ ra rằng:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a}+a^2\ge3a\) ; \(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}+b^2\ge3b\) ; \(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{c}+c^2\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\ge ab+bc+ca\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Chứng minh bất đẳng thức trên