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51. There is/are two reasons [plural subject] for this.
52. There is/are no reason for her lateness for work.
53. Here is/are two apples that you want.
54. My glasses were /was on the bed.
55. My pants were /was torn while I was climbing up the tree yesterday morning.
56. A pair of plaid trousers is/are in the closet.
57. The news from the front page is/are bad.
58. Measles is/are a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
59. My assets were /was wiped out in the depression.
60. The average workers earnings have/has gone up dramatically.
61. Our thanks go /goes to the workers who supported the union.
62. Some of the voters is/are still angry.
63. A large percentage of the older population is/are voting against her.
64. Two-fifths of the troops were /was lost in the battle.
65. Two-fifths of the vineyard were /was destroyed by fire.
66. Forty percent of the students is/are in favor of changing the policy.
67. Forty percent of the student body is/are in favor of changing the policy.
68. Two and two is/are four.
69. Four times four divided by two is/are eight.
70. The department members but not the chair has / have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day.
71. It is not the faculty members but the president who decide / decides this issue.
72. It were /was the speaker, not his ideas, that has/ have provoked the students to riot.
73. The colors of the rainbow is/are beautiful.
74. There is/are a problem with the balance sheet. Here is/are the papers you requested
75. The cow and the pig is/are jumping over the moon.
76. Red beans and rice is/are my mom's favorite dish.
77. No smoking or drinking is/are allowed. Every man and woman is/are required to check in.
78. Jessica or Christian is/are to blame for the accident.
79. All of the chicken is/are gone.
80. Four quarts of oil were /was required to get the car running.
81. The study of languages requires /require time.
82. The president, together with his advisors, is/are coming.
83. They, no less than Tom, were /was eager to start.
84. The manager, as well as his assistant, has/have arrived.
85. The number of students is/are 40.
86. Twenty dollars is/are too much to pay for this book.
87. Who has stolen that car is/are still a big question.
88. Neither John nor his friends is/are going to the beach today.
89. Either John or his friends is/are going to the beach today.
90. Neither the boys nor Carmen has/have seen this movie before.
91. Either John or Bill is/are going to the beach today.
92. Neither the director nor the secretary wants/want to leave yet.
93. No example is/are relevant to this case.
94. No examples is/are relevant to this case.
95. None of the counterfeit money has/have been found.
96. None of the students have/has finished the exam yet.
97. Everybody who wants/want to buy a ticket should be in this line.
98. Please help me; something is/are in my eye.
99. Anybody who has/have lost his ticket should report to the desk.
100. Neither of his pens is/are able to be used..
51. There is/are two reasons [plural subject] for this.:are
52. There is/are no reason for her lateness for work.:is
53. Here is/are two apples that you want:are.
54. My glasses were /was on the bed.:was
55. My pants were /was torn while I was climbing up the tree yesterday morning.:were
56. A pair of plaid trousers is/are in the closet.:is
57. The news from the front page is/are bad.:are
58. Measles is/are a dangerous disease for pregnant women.:are
59. My assets were /was wiped out in the depression.:was
60. The average worker's earnings have/has gone up dramatically.:has
61. Our thanks go /goes to the workers who supported the union.: go
62. Some of the voters is/are still angry.: are
63. A large percentage of the older population is/are voting against her.: is
64. Two-fifths of the troops were /was lost in the battle.:were
65. Two-fifths of the vineyard were /was destroyed by fire.:were
66. Forty percent of the students is/are in favor of changing the policy.:are
67. Forty percent of the student body is/are in favor of changing the policy.:are
68. Two and two is/are four.:are
69. Four times four divided by two is/are eight.:two
70. The department members but not the chair has / have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day.:has
71. It is not the faculty members but the president who decide / decides this issue.
72. It were /was the speaker, not his ideas, that has/ have provoked the students to riot.
73. The colors of the rainbow is/are beautiful.:are
74. There is/are a problem with the balance sheet. Here is/are the papers you requested:is
75. The cow and the pig is/are jumping over the moon.:are
76. Red beans and rice is/are my mom's favorite dish.
77. No smoking or drinking is/are allowed. Every man and woman is/are required to check in.:is
78. Jessica or Christian is/are to blame for the accident.is
79. All of the chicken is/are gone. All of the chickens is/are gone.:are
80. Four quarts of oil were /was required to get the car running.:were
81. The study of languages requires /require time: require.
82. The president, together with his advisors, is/are coming.: are
83. They, no less than Tom, were /was eager to start.: was
84. The manager, as well as his assistant, has/have arrived.:has
85. The number of students is/are 40.: is
86. Twenty dollars is/are too much to pay for this book.: are
87. Who has stolen that car is/are still a big question.: is
88. Neither John nor his friends is/are going to the beach today.
89. Either John or his friends is/are going to the beach today.
90. Neither the boys nor Carmen has/have seen this movie before.
91. Either John or Bill is/are going to the beach today.
92. Neither the director nor the secretary wants/want to leave yet.
93. No example is/are relevant to this case.
94. No examples is/are relevant to this case.
95. None of the counterfeit money has/have been found.
96. None of the students have/has finished the exam yet.
97. Everybody who wants/want to buy a ticket should be in this line.
98. Please help me; something is/are in my eye.
99. Anybody who has/have lost his ticket should report to the desk.
100. Neither of his pens is/are able to be used..
One of (1).....the ..... websites that has been very successful in recent years is eBay . On eBay , people things that belong (2)......to ... them and offer them for sale . Other people offer (3)..for......... amount of money and(4)....a........ person who offers the most money wins the item. They then pay (5)........for..... the item (6) ................ cheque or credit card . It is (7) ..........a......... simple idea , but it is become a very popular way of buying and selling . Even if you only have a (8) ........lot......................of money ,you can often find something you wnt on eBay . Most of the items are (9) ............................good condition, and eBay has a (10)..............lot.........of happy users
Đề bài này mới đúng nha bạn.
One of (1).......... websites that have been very successful in recent years is eBay. On eBay, people things that belong (2)......... them and offer them for sale. Other people offer (3)........... amount of money and(4)............ person who offers the most money wins the item. They then pay (5)............. the item (6) ................ cheque or credit card. It is (7) ................... simple idea, but it becomes a very popular way of buying and selling. Even if you only have an (8) ..............................of money, you can often find something you want on eBay. Most of the items are (9) ............................good condition, and eBay has a (10).......................of happy users
1. (cry)......CRIERS.......... often walk trough the streets shouting or singing abut something they sell.
2. Gas and oil(consume)........CONSUMPTION................. always increase in cold water.
3. The police are interested in the sudden(appear)....DISAPPEARANCE..... of the valuable painting.
4. He claimed that his(bring up)........UPBRINGING........... had caused him to be a criminal.
5. Traveling in the big cities is becoming more(trouble)......TROUBLESOM................ everyday.
6. Less public transport is now avaible because of the(short)......SHORTAGE............. of staff.
7. Therefore the roads become(jam).......JAM-PACKED...........with private cars as people drive to work.
8. Because of the volume of traffic local councils are forced to give(permit).....PERMISSION........... for more roads to be constructed.
9. (fortune)...........UNFORTUNATELY....... many house have to be demolished to make ways for the road.
10. The injury to their key player could be a(decide).................... factor in the game.
11. But traveling by public transport is very(attract).................... as there are long delays.
12. The(frequent)...FREQUENCY.............. of the trains and the buses causes frustration and annoyance.
13. The situation is so(chaos).........CHAOTIC........... in some cities now that is difficult to see any solution.
14. His behaviour always(embarrass)....EMBARASSES....... me at parties.
15. The new film is(exception).....EXCEPTIONALLY................ good.
16. She felf a sense of(lose)...........LOSS.... when her friend went to live abroad.
Use the word at the end of each sentence to form a new word that fits into the sentence
1. The _service_ in this place is absolutely terrible. I want my money back. (SERVE)
2. Could you help me make a _decision_ I don't know which phone to buy. (DECIDE)
3. Even very good clothes are quite _affordable_ in this shop. (AFFFORD)
4. There are no further _requirements_ for applying for this job. (REQUIRE)
5. My mother had no idea that this vase was so _valuable_ (VALUE)
6. Companies should always tell the _truths_ in their advertisements. (TRUE)
7. Credit cards are really _useful_, but you have to be careful with them. (USE)
8. I read a _comparison_ of all the new mountain bikes. This one is the best. (COMPARE)
9. Before you get money from the bank you have to make a _judgement_ about whether you can pay it back or not. (JUDGE)
10. He has been an _investable_ banker for ages. (INVEST)
Exercise 3
1. The science classes at this ______ difficult.
a. schools are b. school is c. school are d. school's is
2. One of the ______ from Italy.
a. student is b. students are c. student are d. student is
3. ______ to support the case against James?
a. Is there any proof b. Are there any proof
c. Is there any proofs d. Are there any proofs
4. You have to pay extra if you take too______ with you.
a. much luggages b. many luggages c. much luggage d. may luggage
5. ______ in your lass have tickets for the lecture series?
a. Do any of the student b. Does any of the student
c. Do any of the students d. Does any of the students
6. Bob got fired. It's going to be difficult for him to find job.
a. other b. another c. the other d. the another
7. There______ available in his area of specialization.
a. isn’t a lot of job b. aren't a lot of jobs c. isn't a lot of jobs d. aren't a lot of job
8. He made the soup by mixing______ meat with some rice.
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
9. Many of the ______ not expect to win.
a. participants in the race do b. participants in the races does
c. participants in the race does d. participant in the race does
10. The English______ strong traditions.
a. has many b. have much c. have many d. has much
11. ______ moved to that city recently.
a. A number of Vietnamese have b. A number of Vietnamese has
c. The number of Vietnamese has b. The number of Vietnamese have
12. Each of the reference _____ available in the school library.
a. books on that list is b. books on that list are
c. books on that list is d. book on that list are
13. Several____ sleeping under a tree.
a. of lions were b. lion was c. of the lions was d. lions were
14. Many of the ____ not used to day. They are remnants of the past.
a. railroad tracks around here are b. railroad's tracks around here is
c. railroad tracks around here is d. railroad's tracks around here are
15. As we walked through the jungle, the ____ unusually quiet.
a. monkeys were b. monkeys was c. monkies were d. monkies was
16. At the news conference, several reporters didn't get clear answer to _____ questions.
a. theirs b. their c. his and hers d. his and her
17. I have a _____ sister.
a. seven years old b. seven years old c. seven year old d. seven year olds
18. There_____ in the world today.
a. is any new computer company b. is many new computer companies
c. are many new computer companies d. are many new computer companies
19. Self-esteem is important. It's important for people to like _____
a. oneself b. yourself c. him/herself d. themselves
20. What_____ you used in picking a winner in the art contest?
a. is the criteria b. are the criteria c. are the criterion d. are the riterions
Exercise 4
1. Mathematics_____ very interesting to me.
a. are b. have been c. were d. is
2. Down_____ for three days
a. the rain poured b. did the rain pour c. poured the rain d. do the rain pour
3. Twenty dollars_____ the price.
a. are b. is c. being d. were
4. A number of graduates_____ scholarships from this department.
a. have received b. has received c. are received d. receives
5. Pollution together with water erosion_____ its toll on the building.
a. are taking b. is taking c. have taking d. have taken
6. Most of the rooms in the hotel _____ air-conditioning.
a. has b. having c. have d. are
7. A few_____ the test.
a. have failed b. has failed c. is failing d. failing
8. Under the tree_____ full of food.
a. a basket was b. was a basket c. are a basket d. were a basket
9. Both viruses and genes_____ made from nucleoproteins.
a. are b. is c. were d. has been
10. Coffee contains caffeine, and so_____
a. tea did b. does tea c. it does d. tea does
11. Mary, accompanied by her brother on the piano, _____ very well received at the talent show
yesterday.
a. was b. were c. have been d. has been
12. The smallest flying dinosaurs _____ about the size of a robin.
a. was b. are c. have d. been
13. My new pair of pants _____ at the cleaners.
a. is b. are c. be d. have been
14. Out_____ the bird from its tiny cage.
a. did the bird fly b. fly the bird c. did the bird fly d. flew the bird
15. The polices_____ on the alert for the escaped convict.
a. are b. be c. can d. been
16. I'm happy that everything_____ in its place.
a. are b. been c. is d. have
17. One of my best friends_____ five credit cards.
a. have b. has c. does d. do
18. _____ an emergency arise, call 911.
a. Can b. Does c. Should d. Will
19. There_____ never been an environmental disaster of this magnitude.
a. has b. have c. are d. is
20. The news_____ quite alarming.
a. are b. have c.was d.were
Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ
Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?
Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.
Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.
Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.
Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.
REM và mơ ước
Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.
Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.
Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.
Nghiên cứu mới
Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.
Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.
Vậy kết luận là gì?
Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.
Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?
Some theories of the purpose of dreams
Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?
Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.
The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.
Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.
Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.
REM and dreaming
Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.
Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.
It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.
New research
Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.
Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.
So what’s the conclusion?
Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.
Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?
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