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a) \(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
b) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{19,2}{32}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,6=0,8\)
-> \(a=0,8.27=21,6\)
->\(b=19,2+21,6=40,8\)
a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4Al+3O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V=V_{O_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\a=m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\cdot102=20,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{30,6}{102}=0,3mol\)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\)
0,6 0,45 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_{Al}=0,6.27=16,2g\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08l\)
\(V_{kk}=10,08.5=50,4l\)
b.\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)
0,3 0,45 ( mol )
\(m_{KClO_3}=0,3.122,5=36,75g\)
c.\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)
0,3 0,45 ( mol )
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,3}{75\%}=0,4mol\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=0,4.122,5=49g\)
\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(4mol\) \(2mol\)
Xét tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(2mol\) \(2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)
Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O2 pư hết
\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)
\(4A+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2A_2O\\ n_A=4n_{O_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{18,4}{0,8}=23\left(Na\right)\)
nAl=16,2/27= 0,6(mol)
a) PTHH: 4 Al +3 O2 -to-> 2 Al2O3
nO2= 3/4 . nAl=3/4 . 0,6= 0,45(mol)
=> V(O2,đktc)=0,45 x 22,4=10,08(l)
b) nAl2O3= nAl/2=0,6/2=0,3(mol)
=>mAl2O3=102. 0,3= 30,6(g)
c) 2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
nKMnO4= 2.nO2=2. 0,45=0,9(mol)
=>mKMnO4= 158 x 0,9= 142,2(g)
\(PTHH:4Al+3O_2-^{t^o}>2Al_2O_3\)
áp dụng ĐLBTKL ta có
\(m_{Al}+m_{O_2}=m_{Al_2O_3}\\ =>m_{O_2}=m_{Al_2O_3}-m_{Al}\\ =>m_{O_2}=5,1-2,7\\ =>m_{O_2}=2,4\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mX + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O
⇒ m = mX = 13,2 + 7,2 - 0,45.32 = 6 (g)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{13,2}{44}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_C\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{7,2}{18}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ mC + mH = 0,3.12 + 0,8.1 = 4,4 (g) < mX
→ X gồm C, H và O.
⇒ mO = 6 - 4,4 = 1,6 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{1,6}{16}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi CTPT của X là CxHyOz
⇒ x:y:z = 0,3:0,8:0,1 = 3:8:1
Vậy: CTPT của X là C3H8O
b, \(C_3H_8O+\dfrac{9}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3CO_2+4H_2O\)
Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{O_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2--t^o->2Al_2O_3\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,6=0,8\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow a=0,8.27=21,6\left(g\right)\)