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Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Ta có:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall a\) (1)
\(\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall b\) (2)
\(\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0;\forall c\) (3)
Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3) ta được:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1+b^2-2b+1+c^2-2c+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) ( đfcm )
Ta có:
(a−1)2≥0;∀a(a−1)2≥0;∀a (1)
(b−1)2≥0;∀b(b−1)2≥0;∀b (2)
(c−1)2≥0;∀c(c−1)2≥0;∀c (3)
Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3) ta được:
(a−1)2+(b−1)2+(c−1)2≥0(a−1)2+(b−1)2+(c−1)2≥0
⇔a2−2a+1+b2−2b+1+c2−2c+1≥0⇔a2−2a+1+b2−2b+1+c2−2c+1≥0
⇔a2+b2+c2−2(a+b+c)+3≥0⇔a2+b2+c2−2(a+b+c)+3≥0
⇔a2+b2+c2+3≥2(a+b+c)⇔a2+b2+c2+3≥2(a+b+c) ( đpcm ).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,a^2+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=9^2-2\cdot20=41\\ b,a^4+b^4=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2a^2b^2=41^2-2\left(ab\right)^2\\ =1681-2\cdot400=881\\ c,\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+b^2-2ab=41-2\cdot20=1\\ \Rightarrow a-b=1\\ \Rightarrow C=a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=9\cdot1=9\)
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Do a+b+c= 0
<=> a+b= -c
=> (a+b)2= c2
Tương tự: (c+a)2= b2, (c+b)2= a2
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ca}+\frac{1}{-2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)
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Biến đổi vế trái ta có:
VT = (a + b)( a 2 – ab + b 2 ) + (a – b)( a 2 + ab + b 2 )
= a 3 + b 3 + a 3 – b 3 = 2 a 3 = VP
Vế trái bằng vế phải nên đẳng thức được chứng minh.
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=a\cdot a-a\cdot b+b\cdot a-b\cdot b=a^2-b^2\)
( a-b).( a+b)=a.a-a.b+b.a-b.b=a^2-b^2