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Ta có: 3x + y = 1 => y = 1 - 3x
a, Thay y = 1 - 3x vào M, ta có:
\(\Rightarrow M=3x^2+\left(1-3x\right)^2=3x^2+1-6x+9x^2=12x^2-6x+1=3\left(4x^2-2x+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=3\left(4x^2-2x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{12}\right)=3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{12}=3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\3x+y=1\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{4}\\y=1-3x=1-3.\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN M = 1/4 khi x = y = 1/4
b, Thay y = 1 - 3x vào N
\(\Rightarrow N=x\left(1-3x\right)=x-3x^2=-3\left(x^2-\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{36}-\frac{1}{36}\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2-3.\left(-\frac{1}{36}\right)=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\le\frac{1}{12}\forall x\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{6}=0\\3x+y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{6}\\y=1-3x=1-3.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy GTLN N = 1/12 khi x = 1/6 và y = 1/2
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Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Mấy cái kia tương tự
Ta có bđt \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\) (1)
Thật vậy \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Áp dụng bđt (1) ta đc
\(A=x^2+y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2=2^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = 1
Vậy .............
Ta có: \(x+y=2\Rightarrow y=2-x\)
Suy ra: \(A=x^2+y^2=x^2+\left(2-x\right)^2=x^2+4-4x+x^2=2x^2-4x+4\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+2\right)=2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+2=2\left(x-1\right)^2+2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\left(\forall x\right)\Rightarrow2\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\left(\forall x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2\left(x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2-x=2-1=1\)
Vậy Amin = 2 khi và chỉ khi x = y = 1