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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a;u_2=b\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a,u_2=b\\u_{n+2}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(v_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_2=u_2+\dfrac{1}{2}u_1=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\right]\)
\(t_n=u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t_1=u_1-\dfrac{1}{3}a-\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\\t_{n+1}=-\dfrac{1}{2}t_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow t_n=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow u_n=t_n+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
\(\Rightarrow limun=\lim\limits\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=0\)
À đính chính lại, đáp án ko phải bằng 0 đâu, vầy mới đúng
\(lim\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
\(u_3=u_2^2-u_2+2=4\)
\(S_1=1=\left(2-1\right)^2=\left(u_2-1\right)^2\)
\(S_2=2.5-1=9=\left(4-1\right)^2=\left(u_3-1\right)^2\)
Dự đoán \(S_n=\left(u_{n+1}-1\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh bằng quy nạp:
- Với \(n=1;2\) đúng (đã kiểm chứng bên trên với \(S_1;S_2\))
- Giả sử đẳng thức đúng với \(n=k\)
Hay \(S_k=\left(u_1^2+1\right)\left(u_2^2+1\right)...\left(u_k^2+1\right)-1=\left(u_{k+1}-1\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(S_{k+1}=\left(u_1^2+1\right)\left(u_2^2+1\right)...\left(u_k^2+1\right)\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1=\left(u_{k+2}-1\right)^2\)
Thật vậy:
\(S_{k+1}=\left[\left(u_{k+1}-1\right)^2+1\right]\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+1}^2-2u_{k+1}+2\right)\left(u_{k+1}^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+2}-u_{k+1}\right)\left(u_{k+2}+u_{k+1}-1\right)-1\)
\(=u_{k+2}^2-u_{k+2}-u_{k+1}^2+u_{k+1}-1\)
\(=u_{k+2}^2-u_{k+2}+2-u_{k+2}-1\)
\(=\left(u_{k+2}-1\right)^2\) (đpcm)
e cảm ơn ạ