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\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{9^2}{9+3}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Chứng minh BĐT \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\) với \(\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Trước hết ta cm \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2b+y^2a}{ab}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+2xy}{a+b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2b+y^2a\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge ab\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)(vì tất cả các tử số và mẫu số đều dương)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2ab+y^2ab+x^2b^2+y^2a^2\ge abx^2+aby^2+2abxy\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2b^2-2abxy+y^2a^2\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xb-ya\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được cm
Để có đpcm thì ta chỉ cần áp dụng 2 lần BĐT ta vừa chứng minh xong:
\(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1. Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=m\\\frac{1}{b}=n\\\frac{1}{c}=p\end{cases}}\) khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}m+n+p=3\\M=2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+mnp\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ta được:
\(\left(m+n-p\right)\left(m-n+p\right)\le\left(\frac{m+n-p+m-n+p}{2}\right)^2=m^2\)
\(\left(n+p-m\right)\left(n+m-p\right)\le n^2\)
\(\left(p-n+m\right)\left(p-m+n\right)\le p^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(m+n-p\right)\left(n+p-m\right)\left(p+m-n\right)\le mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3+3mnp\ge m^2n+mn^2+n^2p+np^2+p^2m+pm^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+n+p\right)\left(m^2+n^2+p^2-mn-np-pm\right)+6mnp\ge mn\left(m-n\right)+np\left(n-p\right)+pm\left(p-m\right)\)
\(=mn\left(3-p\right)+np\left(3-m\right)+pm\left(3-n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)-3\left(mn+np+pm\right)+6mnp\ge3\left(mn+np+pm\right)-3mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+9mnp\ge6\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{5}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m+n+p\right)^2\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{3}\cdot3+\frac{1}{3}\cdot3^2=4+3=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(m=n=p=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Svácxơ, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{81}{12}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" ⇔ a=b=c=3
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(b+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^2\left(b+1\right)}{16\left(b+1\right)}}=\dfrac{3a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(c+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3b}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+b+c+3\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{27}{4}\ge\dfrac{27}{2}\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1a
\(A=\frac{3}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}}{2}\)
\(\ge10+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{4}=10+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{161}{16}\)
1b.\(B=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^8+b^8}{4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^4+b^4\right)^2}{2}}{4}\)
\(\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{8}\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{32}=6+\frac{1}{128}=\frac{769}{128}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(B_{min}=\frac{769}{128}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt vế trái là P
\(P=\frac{b+c+1}{a+5}+1+\frac{c+a+4}{b+2}+1+\frac{a+b+3}{c+3}+1-3\)
\(P=\frac{a+b+c+6}{a+5}+\frac{a+b+c+6}{b+2}+\frac{a+b+c+6}{c+3}-3\)
\(P=\frac{12}{a+5}+\frac{12}{b+2}+\frac{12}{c+3}-3\)
\(P\ge\frac{12.9}{a+b+c+10}-3=\frac{12.9}{6+10}-3=\frac{15}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{3}\\b=\frac{10}{3}\\c=\frac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đề bài sai :)
Với a,b,c>0.Áp dụng BĐT Shwars có :
\(\frac{a^4}{b+c}+\frac{b^4}{c+a}+\frac{c^4}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)( dễ dàng cm)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge12\)
Vậy Ta có VP của (1) \(\ge\frac{12.12}{2.6}=12\)\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Bn ơi, BĐT Shwars mik chưa học, bn có cách khác không