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Nếu \(a>b\Rightarrow an>bn\Rightarrow ab+an>ab+bn\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+n\right)>b\left(a+n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}< \dfrac{a}{b}\)
Nếu \(a< b\Rightarrow an< bn\Rightarrow ab+an< ab+bn\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+n\right)< b\left(a+n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}>\dfrac{a}{b}\)
\(1,\\ a,3^{2^3}=3^8>3^6=\left(3^2\right)^3\\ b,\left(-8\right)^9=\left(-2\right)^{27}< \left(-2\right)^{25}=\left(-32\right)^5\\ c,2^{21}=8^7< 9^7=3^{14}\\ 2,\)
\(a,\) Áp dụng tcdtsbn:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
\(b,\) Sửa: \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Leftrightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{b^2k}{d^2k}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2};\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left[b\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}{\left[d\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\\ \LeftrightarrowĐpcm\)
\(a>b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}>1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
\(a< b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
\(a=b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
\(a,ad-bc=1\\ =>ad>bc\\ =>\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{c}{d}\left(1\right)\\ cn-dm=1\\ =>cn>dm\\ =>\dfrac{c}{d}>\dfrac{m}{n}\left(2\right)\left(vìb,d,n>0\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{c}{d}>\dfrac{m}{n}.Vậyx>y>z\)
\(b,ad-bc=cn-dm=1\\ =>ad+dm=bc+cn;d\left(a+m\right)=c\left(b+n\right)\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+m}{b+n}=>y=t\)
Nếu a,b cùng dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}\ge0\)
Nếu a,b khác dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 0\)
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0,b>0\\a\le0,b< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\ge0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0,b< 0\\a\le0,b>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\le0\)
\(a,\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>1\cdot b=b\\ \dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< 1\cdot b=b\\ b,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+a}{b^2+b}\\ \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{b\left(a+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(c,\forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{a-b}{b}>\dfrac{a-b}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;a-b>0\right)=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b-a}{b}>\dfrac{b-a}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;b-a>0\right)=1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}>1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(=1\right)\)