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\(VT=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+1+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}-3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)-3\)
-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy Schwarz cho 3 số dương ta có:
\(VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}-3=\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3=\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2.\left(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2a}{a^2+1}+1+\dfrac{2b}{b^2+1}+1+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a^2+2a+1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2+2b+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2+2c+1}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{c^2+1}-3}{2}\)-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2\left(a^2+1\right)}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+1\right)}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(c^2+1\right)}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{2+2+2-3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
-Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge VP\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
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a. \(a^3+a^2c-abc+b^2c+b^3\)
<=> \(\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> (\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
vì a+b+c =0 => đpcm
b. 2(a+1)(b+1)=(a+b)(a+b+2)
<=> \(2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)=\)\(a^2+ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(2ab+2a+2b+2=a^2ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2=2\)=> đpcm
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Bạn tham khảo thêm tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Cậu Bé Ngu Ngơ - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến
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Lời giải:
$\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{ab+bc}{c+a}+\frac{ac+bc}{a+b}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}=a+b+c$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+b+c+a=a+b+c$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}=0$
Ta có đpcm.
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a/ Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+ab^2+bc^2\ge b^2c+ac^2+a^2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c-a^2b+ab^2-ac^2+bc^2-b^2c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(c-b\right)-\left(ab+ac\right)\left(c-b\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a^2+bc-ab-ac\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng do \(a\le b\le c\)
Vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng
Câu 2: Đề sai, cho \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow3\ge6\) (sai)
Đề đúng phải là \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(VT=\frac{a^2}{abc}+\frac{b^2}{abc}+\frac{c^2}{abc}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\ge\frac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Câu 3: Không phải với mọi x; y với mọi \(x;y\) dương
Biến đổi tương đương do mẫu số vế phải dương nên ta được quyền nhân chéo:
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge\left(2x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge2x^3+x^2y+xy^2-y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3-x^2y-xy^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)-y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
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2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}-a-b-c=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c-a-b-c=0\)
1: Sửa đề: Cho \(x,y,z\ne0\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{2}{2x+y+2z}\).
CM:....
Đặt 2x = x', 2z = z'.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{x'}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z'}=\dfrac{2}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}-\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z'}{x'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}+\dfrac{y+z'}{yz'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y+z'\right)\left(yz'+x'^2+x'y+x'z'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x'+y\right)\left(y+z'\right)\left(z'+x'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(2z+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)