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Do \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
Mà \(a+b+c\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
Khi đó:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vậy: \(N=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=A\)
Ta có:\(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\right)\left(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}\right)=0\)
<=> \(\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{c}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
<=> \(A+\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c+b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
<=> \(A+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
<=> \(A+\frac{a^2-b^2+c^2-a^2+b^2-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
<=> \(A=0\)
=> ....
\(P=\frac{ab+c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\frac{bc+a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}.\frac{ac+b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(P=\frac{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\frac{bc+a\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)^2}.\frac{ac+b\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(P=\frac{ab+ac+bc+c^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\frac{ab+bc+ac+a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}.\frac{ab+bc+ac+b^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)^2}.\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+c\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}=1\)
Bài làm
Ta có : a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
<=> ( a3 + b3 ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
<=> ( a + b )3 - 3ab( a + b ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
<=> [ ( a + b )3 + c3 ] - [ 3ab( a + b ) + 3abc ] = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )[ ( a + b )2 - ( a + b )c + c2 ] - 3ab( a + b + c ) = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )( a2 + 2ab + b2 - ac - bc + c2 - 3ab ) = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\end{cases}}\)
Vì a, b, c dương => a + b + c > 0 => a + b + c = 0 vô lí
Xét a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac = 0
<=> 2( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 2.0
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac = 0
<=> ( a2 - 2ab + b2 ) + ( b2 - 2bc + c2 ) + ( a2 - 2ac + c2 ) = 0
<=> ( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( a - c )2 = 0
VT ≥ 0 ∀ a,b,c . Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
=> \(P=\left(\frac{a}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}-1\right)=\left(\frac{a}{a}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)\)
\(=0\)