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\(GT\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab=a+b+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a+b^2+b=2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+1\right)+b\left(b+1\right)=2\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+1}+\dfrac{b}{a+1}=2\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b+1};\dfrac{b}{a+1}\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y\ge0\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le xy\le1\)
\(P=\left(1+x^3\right)\left(1+y^3\right)=1+x^3+y^3+x^3y^3\)
\(P=1+\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(xy\right)^3\)
\(P=\left(xy\right)^3-6xy+9=xy\left[\left(xy\right)^2-6\right]+9\le9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(xy=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;2\right);\left(2;0\right)\)
Lời giải:
a) Nếu $m=1$ thì hpt \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2(x+y)+|x|=4(1)\\ 5(x+y)-2|x|=1(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \((1).5-(2).2\) thu được:
\(9|x|=18\Rightarrow |x|=2\Rightarrow x=\pm 2\)
\(x+y=\frac{4-|x|}{2}=\frac{4-2}{2}=1\)
Với \(x=2\Rightarrow y=1-x=-1\)
Với \(x=-2\Rightarrow y=1-x=3\)
Vậy hpt có nghiệm \((x,y)=(2; -1); (-2;3)\)
Ta chứng minh bổ đề: Với \(|x|\ge2\)thì \(2x^2-4x\ge0\)
Với \(x\le-2\)thì nó đúng
Xét \(x\ge2\)thì ta có:
\(2x\left(x-2\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Quay lại bài toán:
\(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+1\right)+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2b^2+4a^2+4b^2-4a^2b-4ab^2-4a-4b-16\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\left(a^2b^2-4a^2b+4a^2\right)+\left(a^2b^2-4b^2a+4b^2\right)+\left(a^2b^2-16\right)+\left(\frac{a^2b^2}{2}-4a\right)+\left(\frac{a^2b^2}{2}-4b\right)\)
\(\ge\left(ab-2a\right)^2+\left(ab-2b\right)^2+\left(a^2b^2-16\right)+\left(2a^2-4a\right)+\left(2b^2-4b\right)\ge0\)
Vậy ta có ĐPCM
(1+x2)(1+y2)+4xy+2(x+y)(1+xy)=25(1+x2)(1+y2)+4xy+2(x+y)(1+xy)=25
↔x2+2xy+y2+x2y2+2xy.1+1+2(x+y)(1+xy)−25=0x2+2xy+y2+x2y2+2xy.1+1+2(x+y)(1+xy)−25=0
↔(x+y)2+2(x+y)(1+xy)+(1+xy)2−25=0(x+y)2+2(x+y)(1+xy)+(1+xy)2−25=0
↔(x+y+1+xy+5)(x+y+1+xy−5)=0(x+y+1+xy+5)(x+y+1+xy−5)=0→[x+y+xy=−6x+y+xy=4[x+y+xy=−6x+y+xy=4
Nếu x+y+xy=-6→(x+1)(y+1)=-5(vì x,yϵ z nên x+1,y+1ϵ z)
ta có bảng:
x+1 1 5 -1 -5
y+1 -5 -1 5 1
x 0 4 -2 -6
y -6 -2 4 0
→(x,y)ϵ{(0;−6),(4;−2)...}
\(\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2+4xy\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2y^2+2xy.1+1+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)+\left(1+xy\right)^2-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y+1+xy+5\right)\left(x+y+1+xy-5\right)=0\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+xy=-6\\x+y+xy=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
nếu \(x+y+xy=-6\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=-5\)
( vì \(x,y\in Z\) nên \(x+1;y+1\in Z\) )
ta lập bảng :
| \(x+1\) | \(1\) | \(5\) | \(-1\) | \(-5\) |
| \(y+1\) | \(-5\) | \(-1\) | \(5\) | \(1\) |
| \(x\) | \(0\) | \(4\) | \(-2\) | \(-6\) |
| \(y\) | \(-6\) | \(-2\) | \(4\) | \(0\) |
\(\Rightarrow\) \(x;y\in\left\{\left(0,6\right);\left(4,-2\right);\left(-2,4\right);\left(-6,0\right)\right\}\)
\(2\left(1+abc\right)+\sqrt{2\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\)
\(=2\left(1+abc\right)+\sqrt{\left[\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(1-a\right)^2\right]\left[\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(bc-1\right)^2\right]}\)
\(\ge2\left(1+abc\right)+\left(a+1\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(1-a\right)\left(bc-1\right)\)
\(=\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\)
\(2\left(1+abc\right)+\sqrt{2\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}.\)
\(=2\left(1+abc\right)+\sqrt{\left[\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(1-a\right)^2\right]\left[\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(bc-1\right)^2\right]}\)
\(\ge2\left(1+abc\right)+\left(a+1\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(1-a\right)\left(bc-1\right)\)
\(=\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\)