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\(2x^2+3y^2+4z^2=21\Rightarrow2x^2\le21-3.1^2-4.1^2=14\)
\(\Rightarrow x\le\sqrt{7}\)
Tương tự ta có \(y\le\sqrt{5}\) và \(z\le2\)
Do đó:
\(\left(z-1\right)\left(z-2\right)\le0\Rightarrow z^2+2\le3z\Rightarrow4z^2+8\le12z\) (1)
\(\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-10\right)\le0\Rightarrow2x^2+10\le12x\) (2)
\(\left(y-1\right)\left(3y-9\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow3y^2+9\le12y\) (3)
Cộng vế (1);(2) và (3):
\(\Rightarrow12\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2x^2+3y^2+4z^2+27\ge48\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge4\)
\(M_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;2\right)\)
Theo chứng minh ban đầu ta có: \(z\le2\Rightarrow z-2\le0\)
Theo giả thiết \(z\ge1\Rightarrow z-1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(z-1\right)\left(z-2\right)\le0\)
Tương tự: \(x< \sqrt{5}< 5\Rightarrow x-5< 0\Rightarrow2x-10< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-10\right)\le0\)
y cũng như vậy
\(x^2+y^2+xy=3\)
Có \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\) \(\Rightarrow3=x^2+y^2+xy\ge2xy+xy\) \(\Leftrightarrow xy\le1\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\) \(\Rightarrow3=x^2+y^2+xy\ge-2xy+xy\) \(\Leftrightarrow-3\le xy\)
Đặt A= \(x^2+y^2-xy=\left(3-xy\right)-xy=3-2xy\)
mà \(-3\le xy\le1\) \(\Rightarrow9\ge3-2xy\ge1\)
=> minA=1 <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=1\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>x=y=1
maxA=9 <=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=-3\\x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\sqrt{3};-\sqrt{3}\right);\left(-\sqrt{3};\sqrt{3}\right)\)
Đặt \(P=x^2+y^2-xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{3x^2+3y^2-3xy}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+xy+2\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow P\ge1\)
\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=1\)
\(\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)}{x^2+y^2+xy}=3-\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+xy}\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le9\)
\(P_{max}=9\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\sqrt{3};-\sqrt{3}\right);\left(-\sqrt{3};\sqrt{3}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi ta có:
1 32 32 x 29 x + 3 y ≤ 1 4 2 32 x + 29 x + 3 y 2 = 1 8 2 61 x + 3 y
Tương tự
1 32 32 y 29 y + 3 x ≤ 1 8 2 61 y + 3 x
=> P ≤ 4 2 x + y ≤ 4 2 x 2 + 1 2 + y 2 + 1 2 = 8 2
Vậy P min = 8 2 <=> x = y = 1
với x;y>=0 ta có:
\(A^2=\left(\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{2y+1}\right)^2=2x+1+2y+1+2\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)\left(2y+1\right)}\)
\(=2\left(x+y\right)+2+\sqrt{4xy+2x+2y+1}=2\left(x+y\right)+2+\sqrt{4xy+2\left(x+y\right)+1}\)
\(2=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)>=\left(x+y\right)^2\Rightarrow x+y< =\sqrt{2}\)(bđt bunhiacopxki)
\(2xy< =x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow2\cdot2xy=4xy< =2\cdot1=2\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2=2\left(x+y\right)+2+2\sqrt{4xy+2\left(x+y\right)+1}< =2\sqrt{2}+2+2\sqrt{2+2\sqrt{2}+1}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}+2+2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}=2\sqrt{2}+2+2\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)4\sqrt{2}+4\)
\(\Rightarrow A< =\sqrt{4\sqrt{2}+4}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)
vậy max A là \(\sqrt{4\sqrt{2}+4}\)khi \(x=y=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$P^2\leq (x+y)[(29x+3y)+(29y+3x)]=32(x+y)^2\leq 32.(x^2+y^2)(1+1)=64(x^2+y^2)\leq 64.2=128$
$\Rightarrow P\leq 8\sqrt{2}$
Vậy $P_{\max}=8\sqrt{2}$
\(P=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2x^2y^2-4xy+3=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]^2-2x^2y^2-4xy+3\)
\(=\left(16-2xy\right)^2-2x^2y^2-4xy+3=2x^2y^2-68xy+259\)
\(4=x+y\ge2\sqrt[]{xy}\Rightarrow0\le xy\le4\)
Đặt \(xy=a\Rightarrow0\le a\le4\)
\(P=2a^2-68a+259=259-2a\left(34-a\right)\le259\)
\(P_{max}=259\) khi \(a=0\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(4;0\right);\left(0;4\right)\)
\(P=\left(2a^2-68a+240\right)+19=2\left(4-a\right)\left(30-a\right)+19\ge19\)
\(P_{min}=19\) khi \(a=4\) hay \(x=y=2\)
Lời giải:
$A=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)+x^2+y^2=2(x^2-xy+y^2)+x^2+y^2=2(x^2+y^2)+(x-y)^2$
$\geq 2(x^2+y^2)=(1^2+1^2)(x^2+y^2)\geq (x+y)^2=2^2=4$ (theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky)
Vậy $A_{\min}=4$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=1$
\(A\le\sqrt{3\left(x+y+y+z+z+x\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(x+y+z\right)}\le\sqrt{6.\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}}=\sqrt{6\sqrt{3}}\)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{6\sqrt{3}}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\Rightarrow0\le x;y;z\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\le x\\y^2\le y\\z^2\le z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge x^2+y^2+z^2=1\)
\(A^2=2\left(x+y+z\right)+2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+2\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(A^2=2\left(x+y+z\right)+2\sqrt{x^2+xy+yz+zx}+2\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}+2\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+zx}\)
\(A^2\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)+2\sqrt{x^2}+2\sqrt{y^2}+2\sqrt{z^2}=4\left(x+y+z\right)\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\)
\(A_{min}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
