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Bài 2
\(P=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{12+2\sqrt{12}+1}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{12}+1\right)^2}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{12}-1}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{4-\sqrt{12}}}}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{3}-1}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
=\(\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}=1\)
Vậy P là một số nguyên
Với mọi n nguyên dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Với k nguyên dương thì
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}=\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
\(=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k-1}\)(*)
Đặt A = vế trái. Áp dụng (*) ta có:
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\)
...
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{79}\)
Cộng tất cả lại
\(2A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-1=8\Rightarrow A>4\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1.\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow b.\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}+b.\sqrt{a-1}\le a.b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=2\)
Mấy bài này dài vật vã ghê =)))))))))))))
1, a, \(\frac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(3+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)}\)
=\(\frac{\left(3+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2-5}\)
=\(\frac{\left(3+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{8+4\sqrt{3}-5}\)
= \(\frac{\left(3+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{3+4\sqrt{3}}\)
=\(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\)
b, M = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2}-x+1}\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\))
= \(\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(x-1\right)}{x-x+1}\)
= \(\sqrt{3}\left(x-1\right)\)
Thay x = \(2+\sqrt{3}\)(TMĐK) vào M ta có:
M = \(\sqrt{3}\left(2+\sqrt{3}-1\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)=3+\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy với x = \(2+\sqrt{3}\)thì M = \(3+\sqrt{3}\)
2, Mình chỉ giải câu a thôi nhé:
\(\sqrt{1+b}+\sqrt{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{1+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{1+b}+\sqrt{1+c}\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{1+a}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+b+2\sqrt{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+1+c\ge4\left(1+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+b+c+2\sqrt{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge4\left(1+a\right)\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(\left(\sqrt{1+b}-\sqrt{1+c}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2+b+c\ge2\sqrt{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow4+2\left(b+c\right)+2\sqrt{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge4\left(1+a\right)+2\sqrt{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4+2\left(b+c\right)\ge4\left(1+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4+2\left(b+c\right)\ge4+4a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(b+c\right)\ge4a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c\ge2a\)
4*. Thật ra cái này mình xài làm trội, làm giảm là được mà
Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}A=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}\)
+ .........................................................
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
Cộng tất cả vào
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\)\(\frac{1}{2}A>\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{4-3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1-n}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}A>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}A>\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{2}\)
\(A>2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{2}>2\sqrt{n+1}-3\)
\(A+1>2\sqrt{n+1}-3+1\)
\(A+1>2\sqrt{n+1}-2\)
\(A+1>2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.
B1.
\(A=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{12+4\sqrt{3}+1}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{3}-1}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{3}-1}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{3}+1}=1\)
Vậy ...