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\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}.\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=2\frac{a}{c}\\ \frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\frac{c}{b}\\ \frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
\(=>2\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
=> đpcm
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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
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\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
+) cm: \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\frac{a^2}{2a}=1-\frac{a}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\frac{b}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\frac{c}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
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Với mọi a;b;c ta luôn có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}.\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=\frac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
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\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{c^2+b^2}=b-\frac{c}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}=c-\frac{a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế: => \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
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Theo BĐT AM - GM, ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2}\)(2) ; \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
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b) Áp dụng bđt bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(1.a+1.b+1.c\right)^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\left(ab+bc+dc+ad\right)=4\)(*)
Có 2(ab+bc+dc+ad)<=2(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2 )(**)
Cộng 2 vế của (**) cho a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2 có
3(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2)>=4
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a+b+c-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(b^2-b+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(c^2-c+\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(c-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) (Luôn đúng)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh