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1)
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+4c\right)}}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{\frac{3\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b+4c\right)}{2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+4c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
2)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{2a}{ab+1}\right)^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2a}{\sqrt[3]{2a\left(ab+1\right)^2}}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2a}{\frac{2a+\left(ab+1\right)+\left(ab+1\right)}{3}}=3\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{ab+a+1}\)
Ta có bổ đề: \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=1\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{2a}{ab+1}\right)^2}\ge3\)
a/ \(\frac{b}{b}.\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\frac{c}{c}.\sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\frac{a}{a}.\sqrt{\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{b}.\left(\frac{3b^2+a^2}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{c}.\left(\frac{3c^2+b^2}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{a}.\left(\frac{3a^2+c^2}{4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{3}{4}.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh
\(\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\frac{3}{4}.\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Mà: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)
Vậy có ĐPCM.
Câu b làm y chang.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(AM-GM\) cho 2 số dương ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\\\dfrac{b+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{bc}\\\dfrac{a+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ac}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo 3 vế ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{2}+\dfrac{a+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b+\dfrac{1}{2}b+\dfrac{1}{2}c+\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(a-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2ab\\b^2+c^2=2bc\\a^2+c^2=2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo 3 vế ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+a^2+c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
Ngược lại,khi \(a\ne b\ne c\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2>2ab\\b^2+c^2>2bc\\a^2+c^2>2ac\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có thể dễ dàng cm được \(a^2+b^2+c^2>ab+bc+ac\)
\(\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-ab}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b\right)}{2}.\)
Tương tự
=> P \(\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.2\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{3}.\)
Vậy \(Pmin=\sqrt{3}\) khi a =b=c = 1/3
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
Ta luôn có :
\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\ge\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế :
\(\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{ac}}\right)\)
\(\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{ac}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{c}}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Đặt \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}=x,\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}=y,\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\)=z
Thay vào ta có:\(\sqrt{2}\)(x+y+x)\(\le\)\(\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\sqrt{x^2+z^2}+\sqrt{\left(y^2+z^2\right)}\)
Ta có bất đẳng thức sau A: (m2+n2)(p2+q2)\(\ge\)(mp+nq)2 dễ dàng chứng mình bằng cách khai triển
áp dụng bdt A với m=x,n=z,p=\(\sqrt{2}\).q=\(\sqrt{2}\) ta được
\(\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+z^2\right)\left(\sqrt{2}^2+\sqrt{2}^2\right)}{4}}\ge\sqrt{\left(x\sqrt{2}+z\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)/2=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự với cái phần tử còn lại ta được điều cần cm
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;c^2+a^2\ge2ca.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{3^2}{3}=3\)
Khi đó \(c^2+3\ge c^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c^2+3}\ge\sqrt{b+c}\sqrt{a+c}\)
\(a^2+3\ge a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2+c}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)}\sqrt{a+c}\)
\(b^2+3\ge b^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b^2+3}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{ab}{\sqrt{b+c}\sqrt{a+c}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a+c}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{b+c}}\)*
áp dụng bđt Cauchy ngược dấu
\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+b}}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+c}}\le\frac{\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a+c}}\le\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2bc}{\sqrt{a+b}\sqrt{a+c}}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự \(\frac{2ab}{\sqrt{a+c}\sqrt{b+c}}\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{2ca}{\sqrt{b+c}\sqrt{a+b}}\le\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\)
Kết hợp với * ta có
\(\frac{2ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{2bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{2ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\right)=\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}.\)
nhầm xíu dòng thứ 2 từ dưới lên
\(2\left(...\right)\ge\frac{ab}{..}...\)=...