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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Ta có :
A = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100
2A = 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101
A = 2A – A = ( 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101 ) –( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 )
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101 – 1 - 2 - 2 2 - 2 3 - 2 4 - . . . - 2 99 - 2 100
= 2 101 - 1
Vậy A = 2 101 - 1
b, Ta có.
B = 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99
5 2 B = 5 2 ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 )
25B = 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101
25B – B = ( 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101 ) – ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 )
24B = 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101 – 5 - 5 3 - 5 5 - . . . - 5 97 - 5 99
24B = 5 101 - 5
B = 5 101 - 5 24 = 5 5 100 - 1 24
Vậy B = 5 5 100 - 1 24
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Ta có:
2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + 2 5 +...+ 2 96 + 2 97 + 2 98 + 2 99 + 2 100
= 2. 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 +...+ 2 96 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4
= 2 . 31 + 2 6 . 31 + . . . + 2 96 . 31
= 2 + 2 6 + . . . + 2 96 . 31 chia hết cho 31
b, Ta có:
5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150
= 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150
= 5 1 + 5 + 5 3 1 + 5 + 5 5 1 + 5 + . . . + 5 149 1 + 5
= 5 . 6 + 5 3 . 6 + 5 5 . 6 + . . . + 5 149 . 6
= ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 149 ) . 6 chia hết cho 6
Ta lại có:
5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150
= 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 +...+ 5 145 + 5 146 + 5 147 + 5 148 + 5 149 + 5 150 (có đúng 25 nhóm)
= [ ( 5 + 5 4 ) + ( 5 2 + 5 5 ) + ( 5 3 + 5 6 ) ] + ... + [ 5 145 + 5 148 ) + ( 5 146 + 5 149 ) + ( 5 147 + 5 150 ]
= [ 5 ( 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 2 ( 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 3 ( 1 + 5 3 ) ] + ... + [ 5 145 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 146 ( 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 147 ( 1 + 5 3 ]
= ( 5 . 126 + 5 2 . 126 + 5 3 . 126 ) + ... + ( 5 145 . 126 + 5 146 . 126 + 5 147 . 126 )
= ( 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 ) . 126 + ( 5 7 + 5 8 + 5 9 ) . 126 + ... + ( 5 145 + 5 146 + 5 147 ) . 126
= 126.[ ( 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 ) + ( 5 7 + 5 8 + 5 9 ) + ... + ( 5 145 + 5 146 + 5 147 ) ] chia hết cho 126.
Vậy 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150 vừa chia hết cho 6, vừa chia hết cho 126
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có D = 5 + 53 + 55 + ... + 597 + 599
52D = 53 + 55 + 57 + ... + 599 + 5101
52D - D = ( 53 + 55 + 57 + ... + 599 + 5101 ) - ( 5 + 53 + 55 + ... + 597 + 599 )
24D = 5101 - 5
D = \(\dfrac{5^{101}-5}{24}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+...+2^{51}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2A-A=2+2^2+...+2^{51}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{50}=2^{51}-1\)
b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=3+3^2+...+3^{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=3B-B=3+3^2+...+3^{101}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{100}=3^{101}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3^{101}-1}{2}\)
c) \(C=5+5^2+...+5^{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow5C=5^2+5^3+...+5^{31}\)
\(\Rightarrow4C=5C-C=5^2+5^3+...+5^{31}-5-5^2-...-5^{30}=5^{31}-5\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{5^{31}-5}{4}\)
d) \(D=2^{100}-2^{99}+2^{98}-...+2^2-2\)
\(\Rightarrow2D=2^{101}-2^{100}+2^{99}-...+2^3-2^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=2D+D=2^{101}-2^{100}+2^{99}-...+2^3-2^2+2^{100}-2^{99}+...+2^2-2=2^{101}-2\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{2^{101}-2}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Có : \(S=1+2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+....+2^{99}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2^{100}-1< 2^{100}\)
Vậy \(S< 2^{100}\)
S=1+2+22+23+....+299
⇒2S=2+22+23+....+2100
⇒2S−S=2100-1
S=2100-1
vì 2100 -1<2100
⇒S<2100
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, A = 1 + 5 3 + 5 5 + 5 7 + . . . + 5 99
B = 5 4 + 5 6 + 5 8 + . . . + 5 100 = 5 . ( 5 3 + 5 5 + 5 7 + . . . + 5 99 ) = 5(A – 1)
A + B – 1 = 5 3 + 5 4 + . . . + 5 100
5(A + B – 1) = 5 4 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 100 + 5 101
4(A + B – 1) = 5(A + B – 1) – (A + B – 1) = 5 101 - 5 3
=> A + B – 1 = 5 101 - 5 3 4
=> A + 5(A – 1) –1 = 5 101 - 5 3 4 => 6A – 6 = 5 101 - 5 3 4
=> A – 1 = 5 101 - 5 3 24
=> A = 5 101 - 5 3 + 24 24
b, A = 1 - 2 + 2 2 - . . . - 2 2007
A = 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 - 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2007
A = ( 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 ) - 2 . 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006
A = - 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006
Đặt B = - 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2007 = - 2 . 1 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 = 2A
A + B = - 1 + 2 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 + 2 2007
2(A+B) = - 2 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 2006 + 2 2007 + 2 2008
A+B = 2(A+B)–(A+B) = - 2 2008 - 1
=> A+2A = - 2 2008 - 1
=> 3A = - 2 2008 - 1
=> A = - ( 2 2008 - 1 ) 3
c, A = 7 + 7 3 + 7 5 + 7 7 + . . . + 7 1999
Đặt B = 7 2 + 7 4 + 7 6 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 = 7 ( 7 + 7 3 + 7 5 + 7 7 + . . . + 7 1999 ) = 7A
A+B = 7 + 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000
7(A+B) = 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 + 7 2001
7(A+B) – (A+B) = ( 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 + 7 2001 ) – ( 7 + 7 2 + 7 3 + . . . + 7 1999 + 7 2000 )
6(A+B) = 7 2001 - 7
A+B = 7 2001 - 7 6
=> A + 7A = 7 2001 - 7 6 => 8A = 7 2001 - 7 6 => A = 7 2001 - 7 48
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{99}+2^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{100}+2^{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2A-A=2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{100}+2^{101}-2-2^2-2^3-2^4-...-2^{99}-2^{100}=2^{101}-2\)
\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{100}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{100}\right)\)
\(A=2^{101}-1\)
\(B=5+5^3+...+5^{99}\)
\(25B=5^3+5^5+...+5^{101}\)
\(25B-B=\left(5^3+5^5+...+5^{101}\right)-\left(5+5^3+...+5^{99}\right)\)
\(24B=5^{101}-5\)
\(B=\frac{5^{101}-5}{25}=\frac{5^{100}-1}{5}\)
\(A=1+2+2^2+....+2^{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=2+2^2+.....+2^{100}+2^{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A-A=\left(2+2^2+....+2^{101}\right)-\left(1+2+....+2^{100}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2^{101}-1\)
\(B=5+5^3+.....+5^{97}+5^{99}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5^2B=5^3+5^5+....+5^{99}+5^{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25B-B=\left(5^3+5^5+....+5^{101}\right)-\left(5+5^3+...+5^{97}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24B=5^{101}-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\frac{5^{101}-5}{24}\)