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\(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}\ge2y\) ; \(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{zx}{y}\ge2x\); \(\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{zx}{y}\ge2z\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{zx}{y}\right)\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+yz\ge2x\sqrt{yz}\)(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=yz\))
Theo đề: x + y + z = 3\(\Rightarrow3x+yz=\left(x+y+z\right)x+yz=x^2+yz+x\left(y+z\right)\)\(\ge x\left(y+z\right)+2x\sqrt{yz}\)
Suy ra \(\sqrt{3x+yz}\ge\sqrt{x\left(y+z\right)+2x\sqrt{yz}}=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
và \(x+\sqrt{3x+yz}\ge\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}\le\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+zx}}\le\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\);\(\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le\frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Cộng từng vế của các BĐT trên,ta được:
\(\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}\)\(+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+zx}}\)\(+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le1\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\))
We have:
\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}}{\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+1}\)
Dat \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}};\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}};\frac{z}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)
Consider:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Now we need to prove:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{a+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+1}\ge2\left(M\right)\)
\(VT_M\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\ge\frac{9}{\frac{3}{2}+3}=2\)
Sign '=' happen when \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z=1\\a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt[3]{yz}\le\frac{y+z+1}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại ta có:
\(VT\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y+z+1}+\frac{y}{x+z+1}+\frac{z}{x+y+1}\right)\)
\(=3\left(\frac{x^2}{xy+yz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\frac{z^2}{yz+xz+z}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{3\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\sqrt[3]{yz}\le\frac{y+z+1}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}3yz≤3y+z+1⇒3yzx≥3y+z+1x=y+z+13x
Tương tự rồi cộng lại ta có:
VT\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y+z+1}+\frac{y}{x+z+1}+\frac{z}{x+y+1}\right)VT≥3(y+z+1x+x+z+1y+x+y+1z)
=3\left(\frac{x^2}{xy+yz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\frac{z^2}{yz+xz+z}\right)=3(xy+yz+xx2+xy+yz+yy2+yz+xz+zz2)
\ge\frac{3\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}≥2(xy+yz+xz)+x+y+z3(x4+y4+z4)≥x2+y2+z2(x2+y2+z2)2
=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz=VP=x2+y2+z2≥xy+yz+xz=VP
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x=y=z=1x=y=z=1
a/ Nhân cả tử và mẫu của từng phân số với liên hợp của nó và rút gọn:
\(VT=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a+2}+\sqrt{a+2}-\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\)
\(=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}}\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{x}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\frac{y}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+zx}+\frac{z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) (1)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Thật vậy, \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)+xyz\)
Mà \(xyz\le\frac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\) (theo AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\le\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) (đpcm)
Thay vào (1) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(3,\)Áp dụng bđt Mincopski \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)hai lần có
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{x+y+z+2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)+\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{1+2t+t^2}\left(t=\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(t+1\right)^2}=t+1=VP\left(Đpcm\right)\)
\(2,\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\le\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{2\sqrt{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b}}}=\sqrt{\sqrt{ab}}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Câu 1 chuyên phan bội châu
câu c hà nội
câu g khoa học tự nhiên
câu b am-gm dựa vào hằng đẳng thử rồi đặt ẩn phụ
câu f đặt \(a=\frac{2m}{n+p};b=\frac{2n}{p+m};c=\frac{2p}{m+n}\)
Gà như mình mấy câu còn lại ko bt nha ! để bạn tth_pro full cho nhé !
Câu c quen thuộc, chém trước:
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\) \((\ast)\)
Hay là: \(\frac{1}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}\ge\frac{x}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)
Có: \(8(y^2+z^2) \Big[(x^2 +y^2 +z^2)^2 -x\left\{x^3 +(y+z)^3 \right\}\Big]\)
\(= \left( 4\,x{y}^{2}+4\,x{z}^{2}-{y}^{3}-3\,{y}^{2}z-3\,y{z}^{2}-{z}^{3 } \right) ^{2}+ \left( 7\,{y}^{4}+8\,{y}^{3}z+18\,{y}^{2}{z}^{2}+8\,{z }^{3}y+7\,{z}^{4} \right) \left( y-z \right) ^{2} \)
Từ đó BĐT \((\ast)\) là đúng. Do đó: \(\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\therefore VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3}}\ge\sum\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=1\)
Done.
Bài 4:
Ta có:Vì a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác nên a+b-c>0,a+c-b>0,b+c-a>0.Do đó,áp dụng bất thức \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)với x,y là các số dương
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b-c\right)+\left(a+c-b\right)}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\\\frac{1}{a+b-c+}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b-c\right)+\left(b+c-a\right)}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\\\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{4}{\left(b+c-a\right)+\left(a+c-b\right)}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c-a=\left(a+b+c\right)-2a=2p-2a=2\left(p-a\right)\\a+c-b=\left(a+b+c\right)-2b=2p-2b=2\left(p-b\right)\\a+b-c=\left(a+b+c\right)-2c=2p-2c=2\left(p-c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left[\left(\frac{1}{2\left(p-a\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(p-b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(p-c\right)}\right)\right]\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
5.
\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{2x}{x+y+z}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+z}}\ge\frac{2y}{x+y+z}\) ; \(\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}}\ge\frac{2z}{x+y+z}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
Dấu "=" ko xảy ra nên \(VT>2\)
a/ \(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2}{2\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a}\right)^2}{2\sqrt{b}}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2\sqrt{c}}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}=2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+3\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{abc}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b/ \(VT=\sum\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}=\sum\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\)
\(VT\le\sum\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}=\sum\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm ta có :
\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b+c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b+c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\left(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b+c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\ge\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\)
\(+3\sqrt[6]{abc}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)