Lên men10 lít Ethanol 8 độ, Dethanol = 0,8 g/ml. Tính nồng độ acetic acid có trong dung dịch tạo thành, biết hiệu suất phản ứng đạt 80%
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a)
$V_{C_2H_5OH} = 200.\dfrac{11,5}{100} = 23(ml)$
$m_{C_2H_5OH} = D.V = 0,8.23 = 18,4(gam)$
$n_{C_2H_5OH} = \dfrac{18,4}{46} = 0,4(mol)$
b)
$n_{C_2H_5OH\ pư} = 0,4.80\% = 0,32(mol)$
$C_2H_5OH + O_2 \xrightarrow{men\ giấm} CH_3COOH + H_2O$
$n_{CH_3COOH} = n_{C_2H_5OH\ pư} = 0,32(mol)$
$C_{M_{CH_3COOH}} = \dfrac{0,32}{0,2} = 1,6M$
\(m_{rượu} = 10.1000.0,8 = 8000(gam)\\ n_{rượu} = \dfrac{8000}{46} = \dfrac{4000}{23}(mol)\\ C_2H_5OH + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CH_3COOH + H_2O\\ n_{CH_3COOH} = n_{C_2H_5OH} =\dfrac{4000}{23}.80\% = \dfrac{3200}{23}(mol)\\ C_{M_{CH_3COOH}} = \dfrac{\dfrac{3200}{23}}{10} =13,91M \)
a) $n_{C_6H_{12}O_6} = \dfrac{36}{180} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{glucose\ pư} = 0,2.80\% = 0,16(mol)$
$C_6H_{12}O_6 \xrightarrow{t^o,men\ rượu} 2CO_2 + 2C_2H_5OH$
$n_{C_2H_5OH} = 2n_{glucose} = 0,32(mol)$
$m_{C_2H_5OH} = 0,32.46 = 14,72(gam)$
b)
$V_{C_2H_5OH} = \dfrac{m}{D} = \dfrac{14,72}{0,8} = 18,4(ml)$
$V_{dd\ C_2H_5OH\ 20^o} = \dfrac{18,4.100}{20} = 92(ml)$
a, \(n_{K_2CO_3}=\dfrac{2,76}{138}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2CH_3COOH+K_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COOK+CO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{K_2CO_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,04.60}{50}.100\%=4,8\%\)
b, \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{mengiam}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{C_2H_5OH}=n_{CH_3COOH}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,04.46=1,84\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{1,84}{0,8}=2,3\left(ml\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_5OH\left(8^o\right)}=\dfrac{2,3}{8}.100=28,75\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{60}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{12}{46}=\dfrac{6}{23}\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌\left(H^+,t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\\ Vì:0,2:1< \dfrac{6}{23}:1\Rightarrow Ethanol.dư\\ n_{este\left(LT\right)}=n_{acid}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{este\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{8}{88}=\dfrac{1}{11}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{11}}{0,2}.100\%\approx45,455\%\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌\left(H^+,t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\\ n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{60}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{13,8}{46}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow C_2H_5OH.dư\\ n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(LT\right)}=n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{11}{88}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,125}{0,2}.100\%=62,5\%\)
Ủa em ơi toán giải thì để người khác làm chứ em?
\(n_{C_6H_{12}O_6}=\dfrac{45}{180}=0,25mol\)
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\underrightarrow{lênmen}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)
0,25 0,5 0,5
\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{mengiấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
0,5 0,5
\(C_{M_{CH_3COOH}}=\dfrac{0,5}{1}=0,5M\)
\(n_{C_6H_{12}O_6}=\dfrac{45}{180}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
C6H12O6 --men rượu--> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH
0,25-------------------------------------->0,5
C2H5OH + O2 --men giấm--> CH3COOH + H2O
0,5------------------------------------->0,5
\(\rightarrow C_{M\left(CH_3COOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,5}{1}=0,5M\)
\({{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{COOH}}}}{\rm{ = }}\frac{{\rm{6}}}{{{\rm{60}}}}{\rm{ = 0,1 (mol); }}{{\rm{n}}_{{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_5}{\rm{OH}}}}{\rm{ = }}\frac{{{\rm{5,2}}}}{{46}}{\rm{ }} \approx {\rm{ 0,113 (mol)}}\)
Phương trình hóa học:
Ta có: \(\frac{{0,1}}{1} < \frac{{0,113}}{1}\) => acetic acid hết, ester tính theo acetic acid.
\(\begin{array}{l}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{COO}}{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_5}}}{\rm{ = }}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{COOH}}}}{\rm{ = 0,1 (mol) }}\\ \Rightarrow {{\rm{m}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{COO}}{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_5}}} = {\rm{0,1}} \times {\rm{88 = 8,8 (g)}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{H = }}\frac{{5,28}}{{8,8}} \times 100\% = 60\% \end{array}\)
\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\rightarrow\left(men.giấm\right)CH_3COOH+H_2O\\ V_{C_2H_5OH}=10000.8:100=800\left(ml\right)\\ m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.800=640\left(g\right)\\ m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{60}{46}.640.80\%=\dfrac{30720}{46}\left(g\right)\\ m_{10lethanol}=640+9200.1=9840\left(g\right)\\ m_{O_2}=\dfrac{640.32}{46}=\dfrac{20480}{46}\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{30720}{46}}{9840+\dfrac{20480}{46}}.100\%\approx6,493\%\)