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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Life in the UniverseExobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extrateưestrial life forms might be like.What sorts of planets are most...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extrateưestrial life forms might be like.

What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble Earth’s. Water is an important solvent involved in many biological processes. Biogeochemical cycles are the continuous movement and transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’s climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and bum out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problem. First of all, planets in their habitable zones will be so close to the star that they will be “tidally locked” – that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in the perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem.

Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the orbits must be a good distance from one another. Interestingly, the amount of space needed is roughly the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two.

Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas giants, such as Saturn and Jupiter,.in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth.
Question:
In order for life to develop, a planet’s orbit must not be

A. stable

B. very close to another planet’s orbit

C. on the same planet as another planet’s orbit

D. less wide than the star’s habitable zone

1
17 tháng 10 2018

Đáp án B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Để sự sống phát triển, quỹ đạo của hành tinh không được…

A. ổn định

B. rất gần quỹ đạo của hành tinh khác

C. cùng quỹ đạo với hành tinh khác

D. không rộng hơn vùng có thể sống được của các ngôi sao

Thông tin: Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the orbits must be a good distance from one another.

Tạm dịch: Để có một hệ thống ổn định không có hành tinh nào bay vào không gian, các quỹ đạo phải là khoảng cách khá xa nhau.

25 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án: C

7 tháng 10 2019

Đáp án: B

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
 
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Question 36: The word “that" in paragraph 4 refers to __________.
​A. urban expansion ​​B. socio-economic disparities
​C. disease  ​D. unsanitary conditions
Question 37:According to paragraph 3, what is one of the advantages of urbanization?
​A. It minimizes risks for economic, cultural and societal development.
​B. It makes water supply system both efficient and effective.  
​C. Weather and climate in the city will be much improved.
​D. People may come up with new ideas for innovation.
Question 38:Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
​A. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well.
​B. 54% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.
​C. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed.
​D. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty.
Question 39: The word "addressed" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
​A. aimed at ​B. dealt with ​C. added to ​D. agreed on
Question 40: What can be inferred from the passage?
​A. Poverty may be a foregone conclusion of unplanned urbanization.
​B. Diseases are caused by people migrating to cities.  
​C. Urbanization can solve the problem of environmental pollution in cities.
​D. The increasing number of people in cities can create more employment.
Question 41: Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
​A. The Risks of Rapid Urbanization in Developing Countries
​B. Infrastructure and Economic Activities in Cities
​C. The Global Risks 2015 Report on Developing Urban Areas
​D. Rapid Urbanization Put Cities in Jeopardy
Question 42: The word “spark” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.
​A. need ​B. start ​C. encourage ​D. design

1
17 tháng 6 2021

Question 36: The word “that" in paragraph 4 refers to __________.
​A. urban expansion ​​B. socio-economic disparities
​C. disease  ​D. unsanitary conditions
Question 37:According to paragraph 3, what is one of the advantages of urbanization?
​A. It minimizes risks for economic, cultural and societal development.
​B. It makes water supply system both efficient and effective.  
​C. Weather and climate in the city will be much improved.
​D. People may come up with new ideas for innovation.
Question 38:Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
​A. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well.
​B. 54% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.
​C. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed.
​D. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty.
Question 39: The word "addressed" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
​A. aimed at ​B. dealt with ​C. added to ​D. agreed on
Question 40: What can be inferred from the passage?
​A. Poverty may be a foregone conclusion of unplanned urbanization.
​B. Diseases are caused by people migrating to cities.  
​C. Urbanization can solve the problem of environmental pollution in cities.
​D. The increasing number of people in cities can create more employment.
Question 41: Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
​A. The Risks of Rapid Urbanization in Developing Countries
​B. Infrastructure and Economic Activities in Cities
​C. The Global Risks 2015 Report on Developing Urban Areas
​D. Rapid Urbanization Put Cities in Jeopardy
Question 42: The word “spark” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.
​A. need ​B. start ​C. encourage ​D. design

22 tháng 4 2019

Đáp án: D

17 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Ý chính của đoạn cuối cùng là gì?

  A. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa đã kiểm soát quá trình lão hóa.

  B. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa đang làm việc chăm chỉ để giúp mọi người sống lâu hơn và khỏe mạnh hơn.

  C. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa đang cố gắng mang lại cho con người một cuộc sống vĩnh cửu.

  D. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa hiện có thể làm chậm quá trình lão hóa.

Thông tin: They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years.

Tạm dịch: Họ đang nỗ lực tìm ra cách mà chiếc đồng hồ này hoạt động để có thể làm chậm đi quá trình này. Điều này có thể giúp cho con người sống lâu hơn và có được những năm tháng đóng góp nhiều hơn. 

26 tháng 9 2019

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Mấu chốt của câu này là các em phải đọc hết đoạn cuối để suy ra cái mà tác giả muốn hướng tới: Con người phải đối mặt với sự lựa chọn khó khăn: sự sống của mình hay cứu lấy động vật.

5 tháng 10 2017

Đáp án: C

Giải thích: Dẫn chứng nằm ở 2 dòng cuối của đoạn 1.

19 tháng 4 2017

Đáp án B.

Key words: main idea of the passage.

Trong đoạn 1, 2 tác giả nêu ra rằng âm nhạc Mĩ khởi nguồn từ những người Mĩ gốc Phi; nhưng không ai bận tâm ghi chép về những người đã mang âm nhạc từ quê hương họ tới Mĩ.

Đoạn cuối nói rằng người ta thật khó biết tên của những người đã khơi nguồn cho truyền thống âm nhạc này ở Mĩ. Do đó, đáp án đúng phải là B. it is hard to exactly recognize the people who started the American musical tradition: Thật khó để xác định chính xác những người khởi đầu cho truyền thống âm nhạc ở Mĩ.

17 tháng 12 2017

Đáp án B.

Key words: main idea of the passage.

Trong đoạn 1, 2 tác giả nêu ra rằng âm nhạc Mĩ khởi nguồn từ những người Mĩ gốc Phi; nhưng không ai bận tâm ghi chép về những người đã mang âm nhạc từ quê hương họ tới Mĩ.

Đoạn cuối nói rằng người ta thật khó biết tên của những người đã khơi nguồn cho truyền thống âm nhạc này ở Mĩ. Do đó, đáp án đúng phải là B. it is hard to exactly recognize the people who started the American musical tradition: Thật khó để xác định chính xác những người khởi đầu cho truyền thống âm nhạc ở Mĩ.

31 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án B.

Key words: main idea of the passage.

Trong đoạn 1, 2 tác giả nêu ra rằng âm nhạc Mĩ khởi nguồn từ những người Mĩ gốc Phi; nhưng không ai bận tâm ghi chép về những người đã mang âm nhạc từ quê hương họ tới Mĩ.

Đoạn cuối nói rằng người ta thật khó biết tên của những người đã khơi nguồn cho truyền thống âm nhạc này ở Mĩ. Do đó, đáp án đúng phải là B. it is hard to exactly recognize the people who started the American musical tradition: Thật khó để xác định chính xác những người khởi đầu cho truyền thống âm nhạc ở Mĩ.