Cho 19g hh Na2CO3 và NaHCO3 tác dụng với dung dịch HCl sinh ra 4,48l khí(đktc). Tính khối lượng mỗi muối trong hh
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Giải:
a) Số mol khí CO2 sinh ra là:
nCO2 = V/22,4 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + H2CO3
PTHH: 10NaHCO3 + 10HCl -> 10NaCl + H2O + 15CO2↑
--------------\(\dfrac{2}{15}\)------------------------------------------0,2--
b) Khối lượng NaHCO3 là:
mNaHCO3 = n.M = \(\dfrac{2}{15}\).84 = 11,2 (g)
Thành phần phần trăm theo khối lượng của NaHCO3 trong hỗn hợp ban đầu là:
%mNaHCO3 = (mNaHCO3/mhh).100 = (11,2/19).100 ≃ 58,95 %
=> %mNa2CO3 = 100 - 58,95 = 41,05 %
Vậy ...
\(\text{a) }Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(\text{b) }n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }x\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }x\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }y\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }y\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right),\) ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,2\\106x+84y=19\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{NaHCO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot84=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Na_2CO_3=\dfrac{10,6\cdot100}{19}=55,79\%\\ \%NaHCO_3=\dfrac{8,4\cdot100}{19}=44,21\%\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
x___________________ x______________
0,1_______________0,2______________mol
\(NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
y____________________ y_________________
0,1___________________0,1__________ mol
\(n_{CO2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106x+84y=0\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Na2CO3}=0,1.106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaHCO3}=19-10,6=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(x\) 2x 2x x x
\(NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(y\) y y y y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106x+84y=19\\x+y=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot106=10,6g\)
\(m_{NaHCO_3}=0,1\cdot84=8,4g\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ Đặt:n_{Na_2CO_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{NaHCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ m_{hh.muối.ban.đầu}=19\left(g\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow106a+84b=19\left(1\right)\\ Mặt.khác:V_{CO_2\left(tổng\right)}=22,4a+22,4b=4,48\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106a+84b=19\\22,4a+22,4b=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaHCO_3}=84.0,1=8,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{Na_2CO_3}=106.0,1=10,6\left(g\right)\)
Na2CO3+2HCl=>2NaCl+CO2\(\uparrow\)+H2O
x =>x
0,1mol=>0,2mol
NaHCO3+HCl=>NaCl+CO2\(\uparrow\)+H2O
y =>y
0,1mol=>0,1mol
nCO2=0,2mol
\(|^{106x+84y=19}_{x+y=0,2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
mNa2CO3=0,1\(\times\)106=10,6g
%Na2CO3=\(\dfrac{10,6\times100}{19}\)=56%
%NaHCO3=100\(-\)56=44%
nHCL=0,1+0,2=0,3mol
nH2=0,075 mol
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2↑ (1)
Cu + HCl → không phản ứng
a)Từ phương trình phản ứng (1), ta có: nFe = nFeCl2 =nH2 = 0,075 mol
→ mFe= 0,075 x 56 = 4,2 (g) →%mFe= 4,2/8 x100% = 52,5% →%mCu= 100% - %mFe= 47,5%
b) mmuối= mFeCl2= 0,075 x 127 = 9,525 (g)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na2CO3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO3}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ PT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106a+84b=19\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na2CO3}=10,6\left(g\right)\\m_{NaHCO3}=8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)